中国收费公路的思考与借鉴

为了清晰地解释国内收费公路引发的相关问题,更合理地制定公路收费政策,运用新制度经济学理论对公路收费的合理性进行判断,通过对经济发展水平与收费公路关系、公路建设资金来源与安排、公路收费期限与标准等多维度的深入比较,阐释发达国家收费公路的发展状况,并特别对日本的状况进行详细分析,指出国内收费公路的不足,并提出相应的对策措施。分析认为,公路收费与不收费都是一种正常的经济行为,关键是如何选择、规范和监管收费公路;由于每个国家的社会经济特征各有差异,对收费公路的认识以及收费手段和方式也各有不同,但发达国家的许多具体做法值得借鉴。     

国际农产品价格波动对中国通货膨胀的影响研究

抑制通货膨胀成为当前宏观调控的主要目标,对于通货膨胀的动因,目前很多研究认为是输入性通货膨胀。利用DAG方法,从理论和实证角度分析国际农产品价格波动对国内通货膨胀的影响,结果发现影响并不明显,其波动只能直接传导到国内的农副产品购进价格,间接传导到国内消费物价水平,这一研究为中国治理通货膨胀提供理论依据。     

巴蜀文化元素视觉符号系统的构建研究

着力于巴蜀文化的显性(物质)层面,筛选出最能代表其特征的文化元素,分析其文化含义,抽绎其典型视觉符号,进而确定其形态、色彩、材质和风格等方面的特征,构建巴蜀文化元素的视觉传达符号系统,为当下四川土特产品包装设计的地域性表达提供可资借鉴的思路。     

论特许人产品侵权责任——以世博、奥运为例

从世博、奥运特许产品对消费者权益保护不足以及特许人权利义务不对等来看,有必要将特许人承担特许产品侵权民事责任引入现有法律制度。应对《消费者权益保护法》增设第35条第4款以及《产品质量法》增设43条之一,其责任的法律基础不是合同责任而是侵权责任,责任形态是连带责任,且以过错推定为归责原则。     

In‐House Globalization: The Role of Globally Distributed Design and Product Architecture on Product Development Performance

Changes in the global economy and technological advances are stimulating increased geographic distribution of new product design and development efforts. For large organizations that design and develop complex products, this geographic distribution has added a new layer of complexity to product development operations. In this empirical study of a large auto manufacturer, we examine the operational performance implications of splitting the design of vehicle subsystems across multiple geographic locations. Our results indicate that global distribution diminishes the chance of completing tasks on time and degrades subsystem design quality. Finally, by examining the interplay between subsystem centrality and global distribution, we found that higher centrality in the product architecture amplifies the impact of global distribution on subsystem error rates.     

基于“真实意义”上的英语写作

过程写作法使写作教学关注点从写作成稿上转移到了写作过程上。随着实践和研究的深入,可以看到,在对写作过程关注的同时,更要对写作者加以关注。对于写作者来说,用于写作的意义必须是来自作者内心的真实意图。只有在这种真实意义基础上接触到的写作知识,才有可能转化为写作能力,才能在写作实践中运用得上,使用得好。     

论滇黔桂喀斯特地貌旅游产品的整合及开发

作者分析了滇黔桂喀斯特旅游资源的开发现状及特征 ,提出了滇黔桂喀斯特地貌旅游区这一跨区域旅游产品的整合及开发方向     

信息产品交易和知识产权保护

信息产品进入市场之所以可能出现盗版假冒等免费搭车行为,除了其复制成本低外,还因为其具有公共产品的特征。竞争性的市场机制在处理公共产品方面的困难是显而易见的,需要非市场机制的作用,特别是政府的干预。干预方式有三个方面:1.政府提供信息;2.对私人信息产品的生产提供补贴;3.信息产权的建立和保护。其中知识产权保护制度可以在制度上保障支付了信息成本的获得相应的收益,从制度上推动技术的进步。     

Scalable spatio‐temporal Bayesian analysis of high‐dimensional electroencephalography data

We present a scalable Bayesian modelling approach for identifying brain regions that respond to a certain stimulus and use them to classify subjects. More specifically, we deal with multi‐subject electroencephalography (EEG) data with a binary response distinguishing between alcoholic and control groups. The covariates are matrix‐variate with measurements taken from each subject at different locations across multiple time points. EEG data have a complex structure with both spatial and temporal attributes. We use a divide‐and‐conquer strategy and build separate local models, that is, one model at each time point. We employ Bayesian variable selection approaches using a structured continuous spike‐and‐slab prior to identify the locations that respond to a certain stimulus. We incorporate the spatio‐temporal structure through a Kronecker product of the spatial and temporal correlation matrices. We develop a highly scalable estimation algorithm, using likelihood approximation, to deal with large number of parameters in the model. Variable selection is done via clustering of the locations based on their duration of activation. We use scoring rules to evaluate the prediction performance. Simulation studies demonstrate the efficiency of our scalable algorithm in terms of estimation and fast computation. We present results using our scalable approach on a case study of multi‐subject EEG data.     

Product Reuse in Innovative Industries

Most models of product reuse do not consider the fact that firms might be required to innovate their products over time in order to continue to appeal to the tastes of customers. We consider how the rate of this required innovation, which might be fast or slow depending on the product, affects reuse decisions. We consider two types of reuse—remanufacturing to original specifications, and upgrading used items by replacing components that have experienced innovation since the item was originally produced. We find that optimal reuse decreases with the rate of innovation, implying that models that ignore innovation overestimate the optimal amount of reuse that a company should pursue. Furthermore, we show that reuse can be encouraged in two ways—the intuitive approach of increasing end‐of‐life costs, and the less intuitive approach of raising the cost to make items reusable. We also examine the environmental impact of reuse, measured in terms of virgin material usage, finding that reuse can actually increase total virgin material usage in some cases. In an extension, we show how the results and insights change when the rate of innovation is uncertain.