关于工程和工程创新的几个理论问题

立足于科学、技术、工程"三元论",简要地论述了认识工程的"全要素"观点和"全过程"的观点。绝不能简单地把工程看做仅仅是科学技术的单纯应用,工程活动的"灵魂"是具有"唯一性"和"当时当地"的"独特个性"。对比和分析了科学发现活动只承认"第一"和工程项目具有"唯一"性的关系和区别,分析了作为一个哲学命题的"工程活动具有创新性"与作为一个"现实评价论要求"的工程活动的"创新性"的关系和区别。在国家创新体系中,工程创新是创新活动的主战场。     

代建制模式下政府投资项目招标风险及规避

根据政府投资项目代建制模式的特点,分析了政府部门通过招标方式选择专业性的项目管理公司作为代建单位这种形式可能存在的招标风险,提出了相应的规避对策,认为：推广公开招标方式、激励和约束相结合、政府主管部门的积极参与是解决代建制模式下政府投资项目招标风险的主要方法。     

论高校基本建设项目的造价管理和控制

结合高校基建项目造价管理的实践,阐述了如何在高校基本建设的几个重要环节,做好工程造价的管理和控制,提出应加强建设项目全过程的造价动态控制管理,特别是前期决策、设计阶段的造价管理,以真正提高高校基建投资的经济效益,有效控制工程造价。     

How Using a Marketing Approach Helps Social Work Students to Develop Community Projects Successfully

With only one academic year in which to develop a communityproject, social work students can hardly gain the experiencethey need in this field, while providing their clients witha suitable service. The present study investigates the relationshipbetween implementation of the marketing approach and the successfulexecution of a community project. Four aspects of this issueare probed: adherence to the programme implementation plan,the programme’s effectiveness, its contribution to theorganization it is intended to serve, and client empowerment.Participants were 146 social work students at a university inIsrael; the findings show a statistically significant connectionbetween the market variables and each of the project’ssuccess variables. On the multivariable level, all the successvariables proved to be clearly influenced by different marketvariables. The application of a marketing approach by socialwork students undergoing their training in community practiceis discussed.     

Intergenerational Storyline Bringing the Generations Together in North Tyneside

Abstract

This article has been written to provide the reader with insight into a council run Intergenerational service based in North Tyneside, UK. It involves partnerships between schools and Social Services, who create curriculum led projects. These are primarily school based, that bring generations together from the local community. The focus of the article is a teaching method called Storyline, which through EU funded programmes, became a European model of best practice for Intergenerational learning. It has been developed successfully in North Tyneside to bring younger and older people together, giving them a narrative theme to study which sets intellectual challenges for the participants to respond to.     

民国时期永定河的泛滥与治理

民国时期,永定河泛滥成性,民国38年间,泛滥17次,平均2年左右一次,成为对京津危害最大的害河之一。北京政府和南京国民政府比较重视永定河治理,采取了一些治标治本措施。在治理过程中,注重采用近代科学技术、注重标本兼治和整体规划,体现一些近代特色,并取得一定成效。但是由于时局动荡、战乱不断,永定河治理时断时续。抗战爆发后,很多工程被迫中断。     

2009 New England Technical Services Librarians (NETSL) Spring Conference: Working the Cataloging Landscape: Fishing,Mining, and Harvesting

Abstract

Rachel Fleming and Kristin Calvert of Western Carolina University discuss their study of interlibrary loan borrowing requests in the three years surrounding a journal cancellation project. Noting that the impact of such a cancellation on interlibrary loan has not been studied since the 1990s, they examine numerous facets of requests for cancelled and non-cancelled journals, including request per journal, year of article requested, and request history for newly cancelled journals. Though journal cancellations resulted in a 2 percent increase in interlibrary loan requests, this number proved so small that Calvert and Fleming judged that their cancellations caused no undue effects.     

关于社会工作项目的知识社会学分析

社会工作项目本质上是以解决社会问题为指归而产生的,其目的性和实践性非常鲜明。社会问题的建构是一个复杂的多方互动过程,某部分人的"困扰"上升到公共性议题需要经过相关部门一系列的宣称、界定,经过正当性论证之后最终进入执行部门的项目规划之中付诸行动。社会工作项目中的社会问题分析大多遵循功能分析范式,按照一定的逻辑框架把问题进行操作化定义。社会工作项目的运作和管理过程具有执行主体的专业性、参与各方关系的契约性、活动过程的档案化等理性特点,并遵循目标明晰化、操作标准化、过程系统化、效果可量化等原则。在介入和干预的过程中,专业人员应当时刻对自己的行动保持反思,不能因为自身的特殊利益和规则而扭曲了社会生活的本来面貌。     

拆迁项目社会风险评估——来自广州的实证研究

采取定性分析与定量研究、理论研究与实证研究相结合的研究方法,以广州市江高镇东风新街拆迁项目作为研究的切入点,运用问卷调查、入户访问等方法,通过对项目拆迁所涉及人群的调查,描述出项目潜在的社会风险以及利益相关人群的真实诉求,并应用SPSS软件对相关数据进行分析,对建设项目进行风险评估,同时提出具有可实施性的风险防范建议。     

A fuzzy AHP application in government-sponsored R&D project selection

Due to the funding scale and complexity of technology, the selection of government sponsored technology development projects can be viewed as a multiple-attribute decision that is normally made by a review committee with experts from academia, industry, and the government. In this paper, we present a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method and utilize crisp judgment matrix to evaluate subjective expert judgments made by the technical committee of the Industrial Technology Development Program in Taiwan. Our results indicate that the scientific and technological merit is the most important evaluation criterion considered in overall technical committees. We demonstrate how the relative importance of the evaluation criteria changes under various risk environments via simulation.