Motorist use of safety equipment: Expected benefits or risk incompetence?

Seat belts, child safety seats, and motorcycle helmets are not used all the time by all drivers, parents, or riders when they travel. Since the safety advantages of these types of equipment are well established, nonuse could be due to risk incompetence. This article starts instead with risk competence to see to what extent use can be attributed to the net benefits expected by individual motorists. Logit analysis of microdata from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Study shows that use is more likely with larger perceived net benefits for all three types of motorists. They are therefore risk competent enough to respond to changes in net benefits in ways and degrees that are qualitatively and ordinally correct.This research was supported in part by the Urban Institute and the Federal Highway Administration under contract DTFH-61-85-C-00107. Ted Miller, Urban Institute, was instrumental in facilitating the work, and Charles Calhoun, Urban Institute, ran the logits for child safety-seat use and motorcycle helmet use at the Bureau of Census. My colleagues Dan Black and John Garen helped estimate wages. For comments I am grateful to Alan Dillingham, John Graham, Richard Jensen, Kip Viscusi, an anonymous referee, and participants in the Applied Microeconomics Workshop at the University of Kentucky. Appreciation aside, none of the people or organizations mentioned are responsible for the results and views in this article. That responsibility falls on the author.     

区域装备制造业与生产性服务业互动融合政策评估分析

产业政策评估是产业政策管理的必要环节。应该在对区域装备制造业与生产性服务业互动融合政策评估动因进行分析的基础上,对区域装备制造业与生产性服务业互动融合政策评估的目的、标准、内容等要素进行理论分析。区域装备制造业与生产性服务业互动融合政策评估是一个较复杂的系统,政策评估的实现要依靠市场、政府、企业对政策的协调配合,从而为区域装备制造业与生产性服务业互动融合政策的评估提供理论依据。     

加快河北省装备制造业发展对策研究

河北省发展装备制造业可以带动产品结构的优化调整,促进产业升级,对于构建现代产业体系、确保经济持续快速发展具有重要意义。针对河北省装备制造业的特点和存在的问题,应当采取的对策是:盘活用好各项政策,充分发挥政策效力;开拓多元化投融资渠道,加大对装备制造业的投入;加快开放步伐,带动装备制造业实现跨越式发展;着力提升产业自主创新能力,在竞争中赢取主动。     

对高校人事档案管理的思考

文章从加强高校人事档案管理的重要性谈起,具体分析了高校人事档案管理在档案意识、资金设备、规范性管理、人员素质几个方面存在的问题;详细阐述了加强高校人事档案管理工作应采取的对策。     

An Operations Perspective on Product Take‐Back Legislation for E‐Waste: Theory,Practice, and Research Needs

Agrowing stream of environmental legislation enforces collection and recycling of used electrical and electronics products. Based on our experiences with producers coping with e‐waste legislation, we find that there is a strong need for research on the implications of such legislation from an operations perspective. In particular, as a discipline at the interface of systems design and economic modeling, operations focused research can be extremely useful in identifying appropriate e‐waste take‐back implementations for different business environments and how producers should react to them.     

外包再制造下再制造设计对制造 /再制造影响

为分析外包再制造模式下,再制造设计对制造/再制造供应链竞争的影响,构建制造/再制造博弈模型.基于博弈模型,分析再制造设计费用不同承担方式对再制造设计努力程度、废旧产品回收率、收益和环境等影响.研究结果表明:原始制造商通过外包再制造不仅可以降低再制造商的市场竞争优势,还可以获得再制造带来的收益;再制造设计可以促进再制造商回收废旧产品,提高废旧产品回收率;无论是原始制造商还是再制造商承担再制造设计费用,两者收益分别在再制造设计努力程度的不同点达到最大,而不是再制造设计努力程度越大其收益越大;再制造对环境影响并不总是有利的,当单位再制造产品与新产品对环境造成的影响之比小于某一阀值,同时再制造设计给单位再制造产品带来收益与带给单位新产品收益之比大于某一阀值时,再制造才有利于降低对环境的影响.     

学前教育装备视角下幼儿园玩教具自制与应用

玩教具配备是学前教育装备的核心，玩教具的配备途径除了采购，还可以自制。幼儿园自制玩教具能够减轻幼儿园在购 置玩教具方面的负担，创造动手操作的机会，促进幼儿的健康发展；提供“有准备的材料”，实现玩教具与课程高度融合；丰富游 戏材料，营造一个真正属于幼儿的环境；自制玩教具除了具有观赏、装饰等价值外，更应强调在教育活动、游戏活动、一日生活 的过渡环节以及家园合作等活动中充分应用，真正做到“作”与“用”的结合，充分发挥玩教具的价值。