工程量清单计价法初探

目前,我国多数的工程建设项目依然采用传统的定额定价方式。为了改变以往以固定“量”、“价”、“费”定额为主导的静态管理模式,工程造价管理领域提出了“控制量、指导价、竞争费”的改革措施。工程量清单计价的优点包括:节约大量的人力、物力、时间;满足市场竞争的需要;有利于承发包双方的风险共担;有效控制建设项目投资;避免当前建筑市场的一些不良行为。推行工程量清单计价,工程造价管理必须实现从静态管理到动态管理的一系列转变。     

论建筑装饰工程预算和报价

确定装饰工程造价,必须在装修建设程序的各个阶段进行可行性研究,选择最佳方案,到初步设计和施工阶段,均采用科学的计算方法和切合实际的计价依居,在计划任务书阶段编制估算,初步设计阶段编制概算、施工图预算,以确保优秀的工程报价。     

QUALITY ISSUES IN TELEPHONE SURVEYS: COVERAGE, NON-RESPONSE and QUOTA SAMPLING

The quality of a telephone survey is affected by several factors: telephone coverage, non-response, the methods used to select households and persons, and the quality of responses obtained from respondents. Data are provided which show that a large proportion of Australian households have telephone connections. However, telephone coverage is not uniform and some subgroups of the population have much lower connection rates. This paper reviews evidence of the effect of non-response and the effectiveness of repeated call backs, and reports the results of a new study. The use of quota sampling to select respondents from randomly selected households is also examined. The results suggest that telephone surveys under-represent older persons and the unemployed, and over-represent middle-aged persons. It is shown that while call backs can increase the response rate, the effect on the composition of the sample and resulting estimates is minimal. The main effects are due to refusals and variation in coverage rates.     

Gender Quotas for Agricultural Boards: Changing Constructions of Gender?

This article explores the processes by which gender is given meaning through social interaction in boardrooms. In Norway, alongside mandatory quotas regulating the composition of Public Limited Company boards, voluntary quotas were designed to increase women's membership on the boards of agricultural co‐operatives. This radical step to secure a minimum of 40 per cent women makes these boards an interesting site for investigating the construction of gender in a traditionally male‐dominated organization. In the debate, arguments in favour of a quota accentuated diversity and differences between women's and men's competences, opinions and values. The analysis of interview data from the boards of four agricultural co‐operatives suggests that equal representation is a muted, taken‐for‐granted value. Equality and diversity are not understood as incompatible ideas, and gender is produced dynamically through practice rather than constituted as an inherent, fixed attribute. Gender as difference is less pervasive than expected as women tend to be recognized as belonging to the gender‐neutral category of a board representative despite any recognized differences. The study demonstrates that voluntary quotas may change the context and both challenge old assumptions and promote new understandings of gender in local situations.     

美国国家公园土地政策及其对中国不可移动文物土地问题的启示

在当下中国城镇化进程中,由于相较可移动文物而言,不可移动文物高度依附于土地而存在或以土地为物质载体,土地问题成为不可移动文物保护所面临的最大挑战。美国在建设国家公园过程中较早意识到土地之于其体系建设的重要性,其在用地配额、土地征收经费、原住民补偿与安置方面采取的不少具体措施均值得中国借鉴。     

影响我国货币供应量的因素及其分析

在我国居民消费价格指数不断攀升的背景下,通过相关文献发现,货币供应量的规模直接影响物价水平。同时,货币供应量又受到多方面因素的影响。选取信贷规模、国际储备、政府收支、准备金率等因素进行理论分析并对其作简单的实证分析,从而提出调控货币供应量的合理化政策建议:一是合理控制信贷功能;二是合理控制国际储备规模;三是为调整存款准备金政策创造公平竞争环境;四是合理有效调整存贷款利差和贷款利率水平。     

防范与管理金融衍生工具的信用风险

金融衍生工具是一把"双刃剑"。它在防范风险的同时,也带来了新的诸如信用风险这样的风险。一般来说,金融衍生工具的信用风险主要发生在场外交易中,可分为现实信用风险和潜在信用风险,其成因在于价格波动的随机性和信息不对称。因此,应在保持宏观经济稳定、减少系统性风险、强化信息披露的同时,实行信用限额管理,并提供信用支持防范信用风险。     

辽宁省非公有制林业发展研究

非公有制林业是现代林业发展的必然方向。辽宁省非公有制林业发展迅速，总量不断增加，规模不断扩大，领域不断拓宽，实力不断增强，已经成为林业建设的重要力量和决定因素。但在发展中受到规模不大、经营分散、资金筹集困难等内部因素和林木采伐限额、税费负担较重、林权证流转制度不健全、交易市场不完善等外部因素制约。因此，要引导农民建立专业合作组织，扩大生产经营规模；坚持政策的稳定性和连续性，适度放开采伐限度制度；完善林权流转机制，因地制宜制定林地流转方案；创新林业投融资本体制，开展林权抵押贷款业务；加大林业税费调整力度，为非公有林生产经营者创造合理赢利空间；完善林业社会化服务体系，构建森林资产评估平台。     

城镇化建设与土地管理的国际经验及启示

根据日本、韩国以及欧美发达国家不同城镇化发展阶段类型的经验，在工业化、城镇化过程中，耕地面积并不一定如通常所认为的表现为逆向运动；相反，城镇化发展有可能使耕地流失趋向缓和，甚至可能是耕地面积的增加。工业化、城镇化的关键是要选择合适的发展道路和土地利用方式。我国对于城镇化建设的土地刚性需求与耕地保护间的矛盾。需要探索新的思路。     

岑毓英对西南民族地区文化教育贡献初探——岑毓英研究之三

岑毓英无论抚滇、抚黔、他修复书院,加广学额,增加束修膏火,招商创收,保证文教经费,补贴进京会试举人一系列措施,有力地推动了云贵地区文化教育的恢复和发展。他把文化教育全面推行到贵州少数民族地区,并用制度予以保证,对少数民族的社会进步、民族和睦,有着划时代的历史作用。