“双一流”建设背景下中国高校人才与大学排名相关性分析——基于RCCSE2017年中国大学及学科专业评价报告

高校人才引进与培养既是“双一流”建设的重要一环,也是国内外大学排名必不可少的指标.高校人才是高校科技创新、科研产出的主力军,高校人才直接或间接地影响高校大学排行榜中的得分.文章以RCCSE最新发布的《中国大学及学科专业评价报告(2017-2018)》为数据源,对高校人才与大学排名得分进行相关性分析,首先对本科重点、本科一般、本科民办、独立学院和高职高专院校进行分层次分析,进而按照综合、农林、医药等高校类型进行分类型分析.结果显示:本科重点高校与所有高校人才指标项均存在相关关系,而理工类高校与高校人才指标相关性最显著,体育及艺术类院校相关性较弱.因此,重点高校保障优秀人才引进、一般院校促进青年师资成长、其他层次院校提升教学质量与扩大师资团队是提升大学排名得分的有效方法.     

Multiple decision rules for comparing several populations with a fixed known standard

Independent observations are available from k univariate distributions indexed by a real parameter θ. It is desired to select that distribution with the largest parameter value unless this value is smaller than some fixed standard θ₀ in which case no distribution is to be selected. Various single-stage procedures for this (k+l)-decision problem are discussed, using indifference zone, decision theoretic, Bayesian, and subset selection approaches.     

刍议“大学生”官本位意识

学界关于官本位的研究十分丰富,但是关于"大学生"的官本位研究却十分少见。受中国文化构型影响,大学生官本位意识的出现是一种必然。作为文化构型附属产品的大学生官本位意识,就人性视角而言是不可能被根除的,只能被弱化。学生独立人格的养成无疑是最佳弱化路径之一,但是具体路径分析不能从根本上解决问题,需要有一种方法论视角的宏观掌控,结合中国教育实际,外儒内道的价值目标培养不失为一正确的方法论视角。     

Prioritizing Environmental Health Risks in the UAE

This article presents the results of a comparative environmental risk‐ranking exercise that was conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to inform a strategic planning process led by the Environment Agency‐Abu Dhabi (EAD). It represents the first national‐level application of a deliberative method for comparative risk ranking first published in this journal. The deliberative method involves a five‐stage process that includes quantitative risk assessment by experts and deliberations by groups of stakeholders. The project reported in this article considered 14 categories of environmental risks to health identified through discussions with EAD staff: ambient and indoor air pollution; drinking water contamination; coastal water pollution; soil and groundwater contamination; contamination of fruits, vegetables, and seafood; ambient noise; stratospheric ozone depletion; electromagnetic fields from power lines; health impacts from climate change; and exposure to hazardous substances in industrial, construction, and agricultural work environments. Results from workshops involving 73 stakeholders who met in five separate groups to rank these risks individually and collaboratively indicated strong consensus that outdoor and indoor air pollution are the highest priorities in the UAE. Each of the five groups rated these as being among the highest risks. All groups rated soil and groundwater contamination as being among the lowest risks. In surveys administered after the ranking exercises, participants indicated that the results of the process represented their concerns and approved of using the ranking results to inform policy decisions. The results ultimately shaped a strategic plan that is now being implemented.     

Preferences in teams and hierarchies

This paper describes the methodology developed for a laboratory for project selection and the results of use of the computerized ranking procedure for other complex managerial decisions. In addition to project selection, the system is feasible and instructive in personnel selection, comparison of management strategies, purchasing decisions and merit-based distribution of awards. The massive input required by many existing systems is not necessary for this absolute deviation ranking system. Up to 20 attributes and 200 projects can be compared. Measures of consistency and reliability arc proposed for estimating the validity of the final weights. Preliminary experiments and actual use of the system provide empirical validation. The system offers an organized, structured way of making decisions which enhances the identification and subsequent refinement of criteria considered, and provides a concise, highly credible format for presentation and justification of decisions.     

A comparison of two procedures to select the best binomial population with sequential elimination of inferior populations

We compare the selection procedure of Levin and Robbins [1981. Selecting the highest probability in binomial or multinomial trials. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 4663–4666.] with the procedure of Paulson [1994. Sequential procedures for selecting the best one of k Koopman–Darmois populations. Sequential Analysis 13, 207–220.] to identify the best of several binomial populations with sequential elimination of unlikely candidates. We point out situations in which the Levin–Robbins procedure dominates the Paulson procedure in terms of the duration of the experiment, the expected total number of observations, and the expected number of failures. Because the Levin–Robbins procedure is also easier to implement than Paulson's procedure and gives a tighter guarantee for the probability of correct selection, we conclude that it holds a competitive edge over Paulson's procedure.     

关中地区发现的西周火葬墓

2001年陕西华县东阳墓地发掘中,发现2座西周时期的火葬墓,周原扶风黄堆和最近发现的周公庙32号墓,也都发现有火烧现象,说明在周人统治的近畿或中心地区,也有火葬的习俗。据此,对关中地区西周火葬墓的形式、形成原因进行了探讨,认为这些火葬墓的存在是一种处理意外死亡、具有较高地位死者的葬俗。     

A Scale of Risk

This article proposes a conceptual framework for ranking the relative gravity of diverse risks. This framework identifies the moral considerations that should inform the evaluation and comparison of diverse risks. A common definition of risk includes two dimensions: the probability of occurrence and the associated consequences of a set of hazardous scenarios. This article first expands this definition to include a third dimension: the source of a risk. The source of a risk refers to the agents involved in the creation or maintenance of a risk and captures a central moral concern about risks. Then, a scale of risk is proposed to categorize risks along a multidimensional ranking, based on a comparative evaluation of the consequences, probability, and source of a given risk. A risk is ranked higher on the scale the larger the consequences, the greater the probability, and the more morally culpable the source. The information from the proposed comparative evaluation of risks can inform the selection of priorities for risk mitigation.     

Simultaneous upper confidence bounds for distances from the best two-parameter exponentlal distribution

Consider k independent exponential distributions possibly with different location parameters and a common scale parameter. If the best population is defined to be the one having the largest mean or equivalently having the largest location parameter, we then derive a set of simultaneous upper confidence bounds for all distances of the means from the largest one. These bounds not only can serve as confidence intervals for all distances from the largest parameter but they also can be used to identify the best population. Relationships to ranking and selection procedures are pointed out. Cases in which scale parameters are known or unknown and samples are complete or type II censored are considered. Tables to implement this procedure are given.