基于跨层次被调节中介模型的新生代员工期望差距与离职意向研究

基于复合时空背景下28家企业的495名新生代员工和438名非新生代员工的调查问卷,考察新生代员工的期望差距对其离职意向的影响机制、职业承诺的中介作用以及环境自由的跨层调节作用,并运用多层次线性模型对跨层数据进行统计分析。研究结果表明:期望差距是“80后”和“90后”新生代员工离职意向的重要前因变量;职业承诺在“90后”新生代员工的期望差距与其离职意向之间起着部分中介作用,但是在“80后”新生代员工期望差距(现实工作与自我工作)与离职意向之间的中介作用不明显;组织环境自由对“90后”新生代员工的期望差距与离职意向的关系之间起到负向跨层调节作用,但在“80后”新生代员工的期望差距与离职意向的关系之间没有起到负向调节作用。     

Examining the efficacy of the GameSense gambling prevention programme among university undergraduate students

This article describes a study assessing the effectiveness of a gambling prevention programme, GameSense, in modifying gambling cognitions and intentions among university undergraduate students of diverse ethnicities (N = 122). Although GameSense is a widely used intervention, the effectiveness in modifying gambling cognitions and behaviours has not yet been demonstrated. In the present study, randomly assigned treatment participants completed the programme and then played a gambling game in which they could win tokens for a desired prize. Control participants played the game but did not receive the prevention programme. At the end of the game, all participants completed measures assessing gambling cognitions, immediate and future gambling intentions, and their desire to continue gambling. Programme participants showed increased knowledge about gambling, increased resistance to gambling fallacies, and fewer immediate and future intentions to continue gambling regardless of how much they won or lost, compared to the no-treatment control group. The present results indicate that the GameSense programme is effective in altering cognitions about gambling and immediate and future intentions to continue gambling. Results are discussed in terms of the modification of gambling cognitions following completion of the intervention programme and the changes in future gambling behaviour as a consequence of those changed cognitions.     

裕固族妇女生育观念与生育意愿的调查分析

本文采用自编问卷，对肃南县裕固族妇女的生育观念和生育意愿进行了调查与分析。结果发现：（1）裕固族妇女生育目的注重情感效用；（2）裕固族妇女生育年龄相比较于过去普遍推迟；（3）裕固族妇女生育孩子没有显著的性别偏好；（4）裕固族妇女意愿生育数量少。文章在分析裕固族妇女生育观念和生育意愿现状的基础上提出了相应的对策和建议。     

‘He wants,I don't’: females' contrasting attitude about fertility intentions for a second child

Thanks to the use of household-level micro-data from the ‘Family and Social Subjects’ survey carried out by the Italian National Statistical Office in 2003, this paper aims at understanding the determinants of a woman's contrasting attitude towards her partner's positive intention for another child considering the bargaining process literature.

The econometric analysis is based on sample selection models that allow the study of this issue considering the probability of recording a couple's disagreement on higher-order fertility. The analysis finds that when within the couple the female partner is more educated, she disagrees less with her partner's positive intention for a second child. If we deal with the job-related features, the probability that the female contrasts her partner's positive fertility intention is higher when she is unemployed, when she is employed but she experiences a lack of provision of child-care, and if she perceives that another child might jeopardize her career.

The findings are coherent with the assumption that a higher consistency between the individual's and the couple's fertility intentions may be achieved; the presence of a rigid labour-market and the lack of public child-care provision and of public policies should contribute to explaining the problems in reconciling family and working life.     

国外生育意愿研究经验对国内相关研究的启示与反思

发达国家第一次人口转变、第二次人口转变均早于中国,在生育意愿研究领域积累了丰富的经验。首先是生育意愿概念、测量方法以及生育意愿特性界定上比较科学合理。其次在理论分析框架上,从生育意愿的计划行为理论,到生育意愿变动的生育周期控制理论,构建了完备的理论分析体系。三是基于理论指导,深刻分析文化规范、经济因素、职业冲突、家庭权利分配等对生育意愿的影响,避免了将一些人口学特征、家庭特征统一归为影响因素。而这些值得借鉴的研究成果恰恰为国内学者所忽略,由于国内生育意愿测量方法的不科学,也导致生育意愿对未来生育水平的预测能力大大降低。     

Religiosity and Fertility Intentions: Can the Gender Regime Explain Cross-Country Differences?

Research on the relationship between religiosity and fertility intentions revealed substantial cross-national differences. In some countries, a strong and positive effect of religiosity on fertility intentions was found, while in others, the effect was weaker or not significant, and the reasons underlying these cross-national differences are still unclear. The aim of this article is to explain these macro-level differences from the perspective of the prevailing gender regime. We argue that in countries with more traditional regimes, a stronger effect of religiosity on fertility intentions could be expected than in countries with a more egalitarian view. We make use of the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey and incorporate data from a total of 12 European countries in our analysis. We examine the influence of gender regime according to various macro-level indicators on gender attitudes and gender equality using meta-regression analyses. We also conduct robustness checks using other indicators such as the Gender Development Index. Our results reveal that the gender regime is only able to explain these differences in certain situations, specifically those relating to the long-term fertility intentions of men.     

The negative impact of chameleon-inducing personalities on employees' ethical work intentions: The mediating role of Machiavellianism

Self-interested moves, such as manipulation and deception in interpersonal relationships with parties inside and outside the workplace, constitute a serious concern for management. Machiavellianism is often directly blamed for such ethical failures, but more generic individual differences, such as those linked to the use of chameleon-like approaches to match an immediate cultural or social environment (i.e., external locus of control, relativistic beliefs), may have indirect influences. Because these chameleon-inducing personalities may foster self-interested decisions, by prompting the abandonment of strict moral codes, this study investigates Machiavellianism as a potential mechanism by which these personalities relate negatively to ethical work intentions. The results, obtained with a sample of 436 banking employees from Spain, reveal that external locus of control and relativistic beliefs relate positively to Machiavellianism, and that Machiavellianism mediates the negative influence of chameleon-inducing personalities on ethical work intentions. The study thus provides novel information for managers interested in reducing employees’ Machiavellian tendencies and offers appropriate strategies for deterring their unethical work behaviors.     

Historical Trends in the Marital Intentions of One‐Time and Serial Cohabitors

This study explored whether cohabitors' marital intentions have changed over time and whether they are sensitive to a person's cohabitation history, that is, the number of cohabitations individuals have experienced. Using a sample of ever‐cohabited women, 16–28 years old, from the 2002 and 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth (N = 6,023), the author found that the prevalence of serial cohabitation continues to increase among younger birth cohorts. Furthermore, the share of female cohabitors with plans to marry has been declining across time, net of demographic controls and cohabitation history. Serial cohabitation has strong negative associations with marital intentions, a pattern that was not present among the oldest birth cohort but has emerged among more recent cohorts. These findings extend prior work by showing that the downward trend in cohabitors' marital intentions is continuing among the youngest cohort of women and, importantly, is not explained by serial cohabitation.     

江淹“才尽”之梦解析

“江郎才尽”与江淹自己宣布的一个梦有关,其时在建武四年(497),正当齐代政局发生变化、王融政变失败、萧鸾独揽朝纲大开杀戒之后。江淹此时表示要淡出文坛无非是为了降低知名度,远祸全身;同时也可以体面地解释自己创作水平的下降。     

汉英修饰词的虚实对比及其翻译对策思考

英汉两种语言在修饰词的使用上存在着较为显著的区别。本文着重考察这两种不同语言的修饰词在虚与实方面的差异,认为汉语有大量使用旨在加强语气、凑整音节、修润篇幅的修饰词的特点,而英语则在修饰词的使用上有避虚就实的趋势。以这一观察结论为基础,本文提出了汉英翻译中处理修饰词的一些可行的方法。