论我国企业的危机公关--以"特富龙"事件为例

任何组织在成长过程中无一例外都会经历各种各样的危机.若无有效的快速反应和处理机制,一旦危机爆发,就只能仓促上阵,被动应对,如处理不当,殚精竭虑建设起来的组织形象就可能毁于一旦.因此,任何组织都应该而且必须重视危机公关处理.而杜邦公司"特富龙"事件处理方法无疑是个成功案例,值得我国企业学习和借鉴.     

Health Risk Assessment After Decontamination of the Beaches Polluted by the Wrecked ERIKA Tanker

Following the wreck of the oil tanker ERIKA off the north-west coast of France in December 1999, cleaning up of the beaches involved considerable work, which in any case could not be perfect. This raised the question of the short- and long-term health risks for the future bathers related to the toxicity of the remaining oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This risk assessment study was conducted to help health authorities plan risk management policies and inform the public. Thirty-six beaches were selected, representing a sample of the most frequently encountered topographic and beach usage situations; seven "control" beaches, unspoiled by ERIKA, were also investigated. Samples of water and sand were taken from each site, as well as from the surface of rocks. The 16 PAHs selected by the U.S. EPA were quantified in each environment. Several scenarios of exposure were contemplated: (1) a child between 2 and 4 years accidentally ingesting a small ball of fuel, (2) a child daily exposed throughout his holiday-time stay, (3) an adult (including a pregnant woman) spending his/her holidays on the coast, (4) an adult working on the beach, (5) and an adult practicing water sports. Among the available and significant toxicological values, the most conservative ones were selected for computing risks. The sand and water, after decontamination, were slightly polluted (respectively, 7.8 microg/kg and 23.3 ng/l of total 16 PAHs), with values similar to those found in the control beaches. By contrast, the rocky areas in some places were still highly polluted (up to 23 mg/kg on the surface layer). No lethal risk was found for a young child who had accidentally ingested a small ball of fuel. The life-long excess risks for skin cancer and for all other cancers were about 10-5 in scenarios including contact with the polluted rocks. In all other cases, excess risks were considerably lower. The hazard quotient for teratogenic effects was very small, except in scenarios where pregnant women would walk among rocks containing high pollution levels. In conclusion, exposure was mainly associated with polluted water among children, and with spoiled rocks for adults. Despite uncertainties, mainly dealing with the prediction of long-term risks following a short-term exposure, this study showed that beaches where pollution was no longer visible after decontamination did not entail any significant health risks and could be opened to the public.     

我国公民道德建设应当借鉴儒家伦理优秀成果

我国公民道德建设应当借鉴儒家伦理的优秀成果。一是道德规范,儒家对社会公德、职业道德、家族美德的论述在今天仍有现实价值;二是道德精神,儒家所倡导的"天下为公"、"见利思义"、"自强不息"、"革故鼎新"、"仁者爱人"等精神值得大力发扬;三是德育方法,儒家主张受教育主体进行自我教育应学思并重、反省内求、积善成德、慎言力行以及慎独;至于教育者对被教育者的教育方法,儒家重视身教示范、环境熏陶、因材施教、塑造理想人格等。这些都可以古为今用,推陈出新。     

网络环境下大学图书馆的参考服务

知识网络的诞生与发展,给大学图书馆的参考服务带来严峻的挑战.因此就网络环境下图书馆的参考服务特性与面对的问题进行探讨,以期能重新思考其未来定位与走向.     

打通研究:一种属于比较文学的研究方法

文学研究无论是影响研究还是科际整合以及阐发研究,都在于为研究对象或所要解决的问题提供或寻找一个参照系,这实际上就是一个相对于作为"明比"的平行研究的"暗比".因此说,比较文学就是文学比较,只不过是这里的比较已经被作为一门独立学科的比较文学历史赋予比较、参照、跨越、打通的独特意义.     

Kernel estimation of a distribution function

A distribution function is estimated by a kernel method with

a poinrwise mean squared error criterion at a point x. Relation- ships between the mean squared error, the point x, the sample size and the required kernel smoothing parazeter are investigated for several distributions treated by Azzaiini (1981). In particular it is noted that at a centre of symmetry or near a mode of the distribution the kernei method breaks down. Point- wise estimation of a distribution function is motivated as a more useful technique than a reference range for preliminary medical diagnosis.     

An Elixir for Development? Olive Oil Policies and Poverty Alleviation in the Middle East and North Africa

The evolution of olive oil markets has sparked interest in policies that promote olive oil as a means of inducing rural development across the Middle East and North Africa. This article describes policies that link olive oil markets to rural development in Morocco, Syria and Tunisia and evaluate their effectiveness. It uses a framework that combines producer heterogeneity and market differentiation to describe how rural poverty impacts will be shaped by production, quality and marketing constraints. While the flow of olive oil from producers to the market may have increased, that of information and incentives in the reverse direction is still limited, something that too few olive oil policies aim to improve.     

现行夸张的界定值得商榷

本文对夸张的界定提出质疑 ,认为除常见的对事实的夸张外 ,还存在着对虚构的夸张 ,因此 ,现行的夸张定义不能涵盖所有的夸张现象。于是给夸张重新界定 ,同时还认为夸张的基础不是事实 ,而是求奇求异心理     

A formulation of the concept of probability based on the use of experimental devices

This paper sets out to identify the abilities that a person needs to be able to successfully use an experimental device, such as a probability wheel or balls in an urn, for the elicitation of subjective probabilities. It is assumed that the successful use of the device requires that the person elicits unique probability values that obey the standard probability laws. This leads to a definition of probability based on the idea of the similarity between the likeliness of events and this concept is naturally extended to the idea that probabilities have strengths, which relates to information about the likeliness of an event that lies beyond a simple probability value. The latter notion is applied to the problem of explaining the Ellsberg paradox. To avoid the definition of probability being circular, probabilities are defined such that they depend on the choice of a reference set of events R which, in simple cases, corresponds to the raw outcomes produced by using an experimental device. However, it is shown that even when the events in R are considered as having an “equal chance” of occurring, the values and/or strengths of probabilities can still be affected by the choice of the set R.     

我国石油税费制度及其国际比较分析

在对我国石油税费制度历史演进及现状梳理的基础上，比较分析了我国石油税费制度与国外矿业发达国家石油税费制度的异同，针对我国石油税费制度中存在的税费结构不合理、税种设置不规范、税费制度缺乏灵活性等问题，提出了相应的改革建议，以期对促进我国石油产业的发展有所裨益。