医院建设工程实行代建制的意义及思考

文章从医院的公益性以及建设工程的现状入手,分析了实行代建制的必要性和意义,并就医院建设工程实行代建制时需要重视的问题提出了思考和建议。     

以量化为基础以代表作为主的综合化学术评价制度构建——基于S大学的经验

高校学术评价的重点和基础在于科研成果和教学科研人员的评价,而在教学科研人员的评价中专业化技术职务的评聘更为典型和引人注目。S大学多年来坚持人才评价制度改革,已建立并形成了一套相对完善的以量化为基础以代表作为主的综合化评价体系,在实践中充分展现出了规范性、公正性和合理性。这一制度以2016年新修的《专业技术职务（教师）评聘工作办法》为主件,以《教师系列职务评审量化办法》等为附件,其内容包括了指导思想和评聘原则、组织机构、工作程序、申报资格及业绩的认定、对特殊人员的聘任等方方面面;其突出特点是评价过程公开透明、量化办法全面合理、坚持同行专家评价、代表作评审严格、注重分类指导与评价、配套制度完善。总结吸收S大学学术人才评价的经验和做法,我们认为构建以量化为基础以代表作为主的学术评价制度,其量化评价应不同于以往以科研为主、以成果数量和项目级别等为主的方法,要既评科研,也评教学,既看数量,也看质量,同时也不忽视思想政治表现与职业道德情操。与量化评价重在全面、客观和准确地揭示教学科研人员的学术水平和学术贡献不同,代表作评价主要在于测度、考量被评人的科研水平和能力。评审代表作,外审专家的遴选至关重要,并应采取措施,尽力排除人际关系等干扰。对于人文社会科学学术评价来说,单纯量化的办法存在诸多弊端,而单纯代表作评价亦有不少问题。相较而言,实行以量化为基础以代表作为主的综合化评价制度,不失为保证学术评价科学合理、公平公正且具可操作性的正确选择。     

Abstractions on steroids: A critical realist approach to computer simulations

Computer simulations are increasingly used within various fields of the social sciences, including analytical sociology and computational social science. However, the method has yet to fully find its place within critical realism, generally regarded as reductionist and methodological individualist and thus inadequate to the task of grasping the full and enigmatic complexity of social life. This article contributes to the discussion by suggesting an alternative approach to computer simulations in the social realm. Instead of representing reality, simulations are seen as a way of boosting abstraction by enabling us to isolate and study the effects of emergent mechanisms. The need for such tools is growing more urgent in an age characterized by rapid change and global networks of causal interrelation. Hence there is a need not only for new tools to deal with causal complexity within critical realism, but also for a critical realist perspective to fill the meta‐theoretical vacuum on which the simulation approach is largely based. The approach developed here provides a challenge to the predominant ways in which simulations are utilized today, with increasingly sophisticated models aiming towards realistic representation on the basis of empirical data.     

Change agent's contribution to recipients' resistance to change: A two-sided story

In the change management literature, most studies on recipients' resistance to change include only the views of agents or of recipients, thereby ignoring that these parties may have different perceptions. In this quantitative study, we include the perceptions of both parties in studying the recipients' resistance and the impact of the agent's leadership behavior. In a sample of 117 agent-recipients groupings, covering 110 different change projects in 90 organizations, we found that agents perceive higher levels of recipients' resistance than do the recipients themselves. Additionally, we found that agents who create space to enable recipients to think and act differently (by employing creating behavior) report higher levels of recipients' resistance, whereas recipients perceive their resistance to be lowered when agents facilitate an emotional connection to the change (framing behavior). The depth of the change appeared to moderate the relationship between agent's leadership behavior and recipients' resistance, indicating that agents and recipients differ in which change leadership behaviors they perceive as increasing or decreasing resistance at different levels of change depth. These findings imply to reconsider the relationship between agent and recipients and we propose some promising avenues for future studies in resistance research.     

The Organization of Supplier Networks: Effects of Delegation and Intermediation

In a one‐principal two‐agent model with adverse selection and collusion among agents, we show that delegating to one agent the right to subcontract with the other agent always earns lower profit for the principal compared with centralized contracting. Delegation to an intermediary is also not in the principal's interest if the agents supply substitutes. It can be beneficial if the agents produce complements and the intermediary is well informed.     

Discrete–Time Approximations of the Holmström–Milgrom Brownian–Motion Model of Intertemporal Incentive Provision

This paper studies the relation between discrete–time and continuous–time principal–agent models. We derive the continuous–time model as a limit of discrete–time models with ever shorter periods and show that optimal incentive schemes in the discrete–time models approximate the optimal incentive scheme in the continuous model, which is linear in accounts. Under the additional assumption that the principal observes only cumulative total profits at the end and the agent can destroy profits unnoticed, an incentive scheme that is linear in total profits is shown to be approximately optimal in the discrete–time model when the length of the period is small.     

高校行政权略论

以往的诸多关于高校行政权的理论虽然都从不同的角度对高校行政权的性质进行了分析,但都未能揭示高校行政权的实质。高校行政权本质上是大学自治权,其既是一种公共行政权,同时也具有权利的属性。因此,应建立与其性质相适应的高校管理制度和权利救济制度。     

理解代表--关于代表的正当性与代表方式合理性的分析

理解代表,核心是要说明代表的正当性与代表方式的合理性问题。在人类政治文明化的演进中,人们所以选择代表的方式进行社会管理,是由公共权力的内在特征决定的,也是由公共权力的和平转移与运用以及现代社会规模过大等因素要求的。现代意义上的代表观念是建立在所有人都具有平等的内在价值的基础之上的,主权在民与公民权利成为代表正当性的依据,社会公众的同意与授权成为代表正当性的来源。代表观念的形成改变了政治的逻辑、政治思维的方式和政治的关系。通过投票的方式选举代表是由社会公众意志的主观性、差异性与变动性的特征决定的,同时也是人们的理性选择。在如何代表社会公众的意志方面,委托论与独立论、专职代表论与兼职代表论之间的争论是关于代表方式合理性的争论。     

试论债权人的代位权

我国对于债权人代位权制度一直没有规定,成为法律上的漏洞。直到1999年新《合同法》颁布才正式确立了代位权制度,并在随后的司法解释中进行了更为详细的说明。它的确立使我国民法担保体系在理论上进一步完善。本文试从代位权的性质、行使及效力等方面谈谈对债权人代位权的认识。     

战略导向的政府绩效管理：动因、模式及特点

在战略思维的逐渐兴起以及绩效管理科学化迫切需求的双重作用下,源于企业的战略性绩效管理思想逐渐为政府部门所关注,实践界和理论界都为此进行了有益的尝试和积极的探索,为政府部门战略性绩效管理体系的引入和推广提供了有益借鉴。通过参考这些研究成果和实践经验,并结合企业战略性绩效管理模式和政府部门的实际情况,深入探讨了政府部门战略性绩效管理的模式、内容及特点。