儿童抗逆力:一项关于流动儿童社会工作实务的探讨

儿童抗逆力是指儿童在逆境中克服困难,展示积极适应结果的能力.本文基于“抗逆小童星”实践项目,总结出优势取向的流动儿童抗逆力提升模式.此模式充分发挥儿童及其环境系统的主体性,以生态系统理论和优势视角为理念,立足于流动儿童及其微系统、中系统、外系统和宏系统的劣势/优势,从系统整合和方法整合两方面入手,综合运用危险聚焦策略、资产聚焦策略、过程聚焦策略,最终实现流动儿童抗逆力的持续提升.     

论受教育年限对新生代农民工心理弹性的影响——基于自我效能理论的分析

良好的心理弹性是新生代农民工融入城市的重要促进剂,然而目前新生代农民工的心理弹性状况并不乐观,不利于其社会融入和城市化。基于调研数据,采用Ordered Probit模型对调研资料进行分析,结果发现,新生代农民工受教育水平越高,其心理弹性等级越高,城市融入状况越好。通过解释机制分析可知,这主要是由于受教育年限的提高,可以增加人们的自我效能感,进而使其心理弹性得到改善。因此,今后应加快制度改革和完善政策供给,完善培训教育运作机制,建立完善的监督保障机制,以促进新生代农民工的再教育和技能培训。     

父亲在位对大学生心理弹性的影响

采用Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表中文版(CD-RISC)和父亲在位问卷中文修订版(FPQ-R)对532名大学生进行调查,探讨大学生心理弹性与父亲在位之间的关系。结果表明:大学生父亲在位与心理弹性之间存在显著相关性;父母关系、父亲与祖父的关系和父亲影响的概念能显著预测大学生的心理弹性;父亲与祖父的关系、父母关系、父亲影响的概念和父亲的身体互动能显著预测大学生心理弹性的坚韧特质;父母关系、父亲与祖父的关系和父亲影响的概念能显著预测大学生心理弹性的力量特质;父母关系和父亲参与的感知能显著预测大学生心理弹性的乐观特质。高品质的父亲在位有利于子女心理弹性的良好发展,是大学生心理弹性的保护性因素。     

‘Doing it right?’– accessing the narratives of identity of newly qualified social workers through the lens of resilience: ‘I am,I have,I can’

Using narrative enquiry, this paper accesses the construct of identity through exploring resilience in newly qualified social workers based in statutory children's services. In seeking to avoid deficit‐based models of this role, this paper aims to present inductively the ‘voice’ of three social workers in a semi‐rural authority, storying the positive ways in which resilience has developed during their first year. Using the Grotberg resilience framework (1995) –‘I am, I have, I can’– as an analytical tool at the interface of personal, professional and organizational identities, we conclude that ‘I am’ and ‘I have’ are more important than the skills dimension of ‘I can’. Positive role models, trust, ‘managed’ optimism, flexibility of support in and beyond induction, and, crucially, self‐efficacy and space for reflexivity, are more prominent as sources of resilience and strong identity. The reflexivity, inspired by the process of narrative enquiry, is an important contributor to self‐efficacy. We propose that a positive view of growth and identity is preferable to deficit models in the context of the transition between the two ‘communities of practice’ and of the challenges of the workplace. Organizational approaches based on this view will be more likely to promote a sustainable workforce.     

Measures of emergency preparedness contributing to nursing home resilience

ABSTRACT

Resilience approaches have been successfully applied in crisis management, disaster response, and high reliability organizations and have the potential to enhance existing systems of nursing home disaster preparedness. This study’s purpose was to determine how the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) “Emergency Preparedness Checklist Recommended Tool for Effective Health Care Facility Planning” contributes to organizational resilience by identifying the benchmark resilience items addressed by the CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist and items not addressed by the CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist, and to recommend tools and processes to improve resilience for nursing homes. The CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist items were compared to the Resilience Benchmark Tool items; similar items were considered matches. Resilience Benchmark Tool items with no CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist item matches were considered breaches in nursing home resilience. The findings suggest that the CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist can be used to measure some aspects of resilience, however, there were many resilience factors not addressed. For nursing homes to prepare and respond to crisis situations, organizations need to embrace a culture that promotes individual resilience-related competencies that when aggregated enable the organization to improve its resiliency. Social workers have the skills and experience to facilitate this change.     

School factors helping disadvantaged students to succeed: empirical evidence from four Italian cities

This research investigates a particular category of disadvantaged students, namely those who are able to overcome a situation of socio-economical disadvantage and obtain good academic results (here named ‘resilient students’). We have used micro-data provided by the Italian National Evaluation Committee for Education and focused on class and school-level characteristics that help disadvantaged students to become resilient students when they move from primary (grade 5) to lower secondary school (grade 6), concentrating our analysis on four major cities. We employed a probit regression and a propensity score matching model, finding that class and school factors do matter. In particular, we looked at whether the performance of their peers has a positive impact on that of disadvantaged students, estimating the increased probability of these students becoming resilient.     

Examining the Relationships Between Resilience,Mental Health,and Academic Persistence in Undergraduate College Students

Abstract

Objective: In this study, the relationships between measures of interpersonal resilience, intrapersonal resilience, and mental health were examined with respect to academic and social integration, key determinants of academic persistence. Participants: A sample (n = 605) of undergraduate students was recruited from 2 midwestern universities during the 2007–2008 academic year. Methods: Hierarchal (or sequential) regression analysis examined whether the inter- and intrapersonal resilience and mental health measures contributed to explaining variance in the response variables of university cumulative grade point average (GPA) and university sense of belonging. Results: The intrapersonal resilience factors contributed to explaining variance in cumulative GPA in addition to aptitude and achievement. Furthermore, there was a strong statistical correlation between the inter- and intrapersonal resilience factors and mental health. Conclusions: The demands in college are significant and there is a need for more research on the concept of resilience as it relates to college health and academic persistence.     

Risk,Recovery and Resilience

Abstract

From 1999 to 2004, the Child and Youth Care Agency for Development (CYAD), a South African Non-Government Agency (NGO), has been working in partnership with the University of Victoria's International Institute for Child Rights and Development (IICRD) and Aboriginal Liaison Office (ABLO) to identify and reinforce community and cultural assets in supporting child and family resilience. The project, entitled Circles of Care: Community and Support for Children Affected by HIV/AIDS, has developed and piloted a model for community capacity building that supports traditional African community values, beliefs and governance structures (understood as Setso) in reinforcing child resilience through child rights based advocacy that partners children and traditional leaders (identified as Morena) and healers (called Dingaka).     

高校大学生积极情绪、心理弹性与挫折承受力的关系

本研究目的在于探讨大学生心理弹性、积极情绪与挫折承受力之间是否存在某种关系。随机抽取3所高校的686名大学毕业生为施试,对其施测心理弹性量表,积极消极情绪量表、挫折承受力量表。结果发现：①心理弹性与积极情绪（r=0．373,P〈0．01）、心理弹性与挫折承受力（r=0．499,P〈0．01）和积极情绪与挫折承受力（r=0．499,P〈0．01）正相关;②积极情绪能够部分中介心理弹性和挫折承受力之间的关系,当积极情绪进入回归方程时,心理弹性对挫折承受力的预测效应从0．499降至0．345。大学生的心理弹性对挫折承受力的预测效应是通过积极情绪这一中介变量实现的。     

Recidivism and Resilience in Juvenile Sexual Offenders: An Analysis of the Literature

SUMMARY

The majority of research that exists studying juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) is dominated by the predilection that identifying risk factors associated with recidivism will benefit both the JSOs and treatment providers. Further, the majority of existing treatments are guided by research that has identified what makes JSOs more likely to reoffend. Absent from the majority of the literature is an examination of the strengths and positive characteristics demonstrated by JSOs that may prove useful in both reducing recidivism and increasing the likelihood of achieving positive outcomes (i.e., demonstrating resilience). Research examining known risk factors for sexual and nonsexual recidivism is described. Next, literature on resilience is reviewed, followed by a discussion of this literature in the context of treatment for JSOs. Finally, future directions of research are presented.