The impact of sales promotions on store performance: a structural vector autoregressive approach

The present paper analyses the impact of sales promotions on store performance, in the short and long term, from the retailer's point of view. Relationships among promoted and regular sales in the hypermarkets of a large-scale retail chain of national importance, are investigated by means of a structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR). Statistically significant effects of sales promotions in the heavy household section on store sales are found in the short-run; these promotions produce additional sales and thus act as an attractive factor. Promotions in textile category, on the contrary, produce an immediate negative effect on net sales. In the long run, negative statistically significant effects on regular sales are detected when promotions are repeatedly implemented within perishables category.     

税收征管效率综合评价指标体系研究

税收征管效率是评价税务机关工作效果的主要指标,而评价指标体系的确定是科学评价税收征管效率的基础和重点。本文分析了税收征管效率的内涵及外延,通过实证建立了税收征管效率的综合评价指标体系。     

我国市场经济的价值取向--思想政治教育内容探讨之二

文章根据我国市场经济的性质以及市场经济在发展过程中对社会生活各方面所产生的不同影响,分析论证了我国市场经济的价值取向是经济价值、政治价值和思想文化价值三者的统一.     

论实现效率的市场机制与实现公平的民主机制

强调公平和效率优先历来是两种不同的价值取向。一个成熟的执政党和一个健康的社会应提供两种阶值取向同时存在、进行辩论的自由空间,建立体现两种价值取向的市场经济机制和民主政治机制,培育兼容这两种价值取向、维护这两大机制的文化土壤,为构建社会主义和谐社会奠定坚实的经济、政治和文化基础。     

冗员失业、社会负担与国有企业效率

影响国有企业效率的因素有很多,其中制度因素最为重要。而在传统的国有企业制度下,冗员失业和社会负担又是制约企业效率提高的关键。时至今日,这个问题仍是国有企业进行减员增效改革、实施战略性重组的最大障碍。从理论上研究冗员失业对企业效率的影响,并结合我国实际情况分析社会负担给国有企业造成的压力,以强化社会保障为突破口,提出解决冗员失业和社会负担问题、提高国有企业效率的具体对策。     

公共物品的提供模式及政府管制的效率比较

随着技术水平以及人们收入水平的不断提高,市场力量不断进入到公共物品的提供领域,然而由于公共物品对于社会公平、公正带来的重要影响,政府会对市场提供公共物品时进行有效管制,而最主要的管制模式就是进行价格管理。文章利用Wickstro¨m(2001)的模型,分析了政府在对市场提供公共物品进行管制时的效率问题,指出在成本信息不对称时政府管制的效率可能很低,反而给社会福利造成了比较大的损失,同时企业利润也受到影响。     

Improving flexibility and efficiency by adding parallelism to genetic algorithms

In this paper we develop a study on several types of parallel genetic algorithms (PGAs). Our motivation is to bring some uniformity to the proposal, comparison, and knowledge exchange among the traditionally opposite kinds of serial and parallel GAs. We comparatively analyze the properties of steady-state, generational, and cellular genetic algorithms. Afterwards, this study is extended to consider a distributed model consisting in a ring of GA islands. The analyzed features are the time complexity, selection pressure, schema processing rates, efficacy in finding an optimum, efficiency, speedup, and resistance to scalability. Besides that, we briefly discuss how the migration policy affects the search. Also, some of the search properties of cellular GAs are investigated. The selected benchmark is a representative subset of problems containing real world difficulties. We often conclude that parallel GAs are numerically better and faster than equivalent sequential GAs. Our aim is to shed some light on the advantages and drawbacks of various sequential and parallel GAs to help researchers using them in the very diverse application fields of the evolutionary computation.     

医科院校学生管理工作实效性分析

医科院校学生管理工作是学校育人工作的重要组成部分 ,随着社会对人才的要求和对人才培养的深入研究 ,如何进一步提高医科院校学生管理工作的实效性 ,是当前值得研究的一项重要任务。     

中国股票市场效率的实证研究

处于二元转型期的中国股票市场,功能定位不完全合理,结构性矛盾突出。行政导向性强,是一个不完全市场。市 场仍处于非弱效率状态。利用1999-2000年中国股票市场的时间序列数据进行的自相关系数检验和游程检验.证实了中国 股票市场非弱有效性的判断。     

完善我国个人所得税制的思考

个人所得税是调节国家与个人利益分配关系的重要杠杆,随着我国经济的快速发展、居民收入水平的大幅提高,个人所得税将是一项最有前途、最有发展潜力的税种。但我国个人所得税政策不尽人意,执行起来既失公平,又欠效率。文章分析了我国个人所得税制存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。