Optimal Price and Quantity of Refurbished Products

Many retail product returns can be refurbished and resold, typically at a reduced price. The price set for the refurbished products affects the demands for both new and refurbished products, while the refurbishment and resale activities incur costs. To maximize profit, a manufacturer in a competitive market must carefully choose the proportion of returned products to refurbish and their sale price. We model the sale, return, refurbishment, and resale processes in an open queueing network and formulate a mathematical program to find the optimal price and proportion to refurbish. Examination of the optimality conditions reveals the different situations in which it is optimal to refurbish none, some, or all of the returned products. Refurbishing operations may increase profit or may be required to relieve a manufacturing capacity bottleneck. A numerical study identifies characteristics of the new product market and refurbished products that encourage refurbishing and some situations in which small changes in the refurbishing cost and quality provoke large changes in the optimal policy.     

Coordination and Priority Decisions in Hybrid Manufacturing/Remanufacturing Systems

Companies are increasingly realizing the need to coordinate their manufacturing and remanufacturing operations. This can be a challenge due to the inherent variability in the condition and amount of returns, which has a direct impact on remanufacturing costs and leadtimes. In this paper, we develop a modeling framework to compare two alternative strategies that use either manufacturing or remanufacturing as the primary means of satisfying customer demand. Of course, in the event that the demand cannot be met by the prioritized process, the secondary process is used as a contingency. In our basic model, the priority decisions are made at the component level in replenishing the serviceable inventory, while the disposal and new component ordering decisions are made independently. The second model represents the coordination of remanufacturable and new component inventory control decisions. Using simulation‐based optimization on a large number of experiments, we observe that when prioritization is in the upstream echelon and there is no coordination in managing component stocks, there exists a critical return ratio, below which it is beneficial to give priority to manufacturing and above which it is beneficial to give priority to remanufacturing. We also see that coordinated control of the component inventories considerably reduces the importance of prioritization. These observations remain valid when congestion in the shop floor is also taken into account. We also study the benefits of state‐dependent dispatching policies in a realistic case.     

荒诞与异化:西方现代主义文学反向悲剧的重新阐释

现代的西方西绪福斯精神孕育了西方现代主义文学的新悲剧意识。西方现代主义文学的艺术形象是“意识到一切都是荒谬人”,是“局外人”,并由此表现出少有的孤独和冷漠,潜含着真正的悲剧性。生之忧与死之惧是现代人的通病,也是西方现代主义文学不断触及的表现主题,荒诞的厌倦和恐惧构成现代主义文学悲剧意识的两大内容。“异化”是西方人最严峻的悲剧性境遇,对人类崇高品格的否定必然导致对悲剧崇高性的否定,因此出现了现代主义文学的反向悲剧。     

商标反向混淆侵权实证分析

商标反向混淆作为商标侵权行为的一种表现形式,它在概念、认定标准上与正向混淆存在较大差别,无法依据以往的商标侵权思维进行分析。商标反向混淆侵权的认定需要引入社会热点事件,不断推动认定标准要素的发展及完善,进而形成全面且稳定的认定标准。在具体司法实践中,法院应遵循判定的逻辑顺序,在现有的认定标准要素中选取适宜要素进行分析判断,秉承法律与个案灵活结合的原则处理案件,从而更好地规制商标反向混淆侵权,提高判决结果的科学性及合理性。     

考虑退货的定价和订货优化及信息发布美化策略

考虑顾客由感知差异引起的退货行为，以及促销期与日常销售期不同的行为特点，对日常销售期和促销期顾客购买率和退货率分别进行了解析表述.在此基础上分析了确定需求下信息发布美化策略对最大利润的影响.建立了随机需求下在线零售商的期望利润模型，对定价和订货量进行联合优化.最后通过算例分析了在感知价值和感知差异服从更为一般的分布形式且存在相关性条件下，最优策略下的预期利润随信息发布美化程度的变化规律，以及相关性对信息发布美化策略有效性的影响.研究结果表明，基于感知价值和感知差异构建的购买率和退货率模型可较好解释已有实证研究结果，以此为基础对定价和库存进行联合优化更符合实际，优化条件下的最大利润随信息发布美化程度的提高先增后降，取得最大利润的信息美化值促销期大于日常销售期，且线性相关程度越高的产品取得最大利润的信息美化值越大。     

MCS—8098单片机控制的交流电机调速控制系统

介绍了一种变频变压（ＶＶＶＦ）、脉宽调制（ＰＷＭ）的交流（ＡＣ）电动机转达调节控制系统，该系统采用ＭＣＳ－８０９８单片机作为控制部件。文中给出了产生正弦脉宽调制（ＳＰＷＭ）序列的算法，及该控制系统的工作原理、硬件和软件框图。     

气门落座有限元分析方法的研究

本文分析了气门动态落座时作用载荷分布处理方式及约束条件的确定对气门落座时变形及应力有限元分析计算精度的影响,提出了合理的载荷分布及约束条件确定方法。     

资金约束背景下反向保理的供应链合作

反向保理通过运用买方（核心企业）优良信誉解决卖方融资难问题。考虑核心企业因为反向保理而承担信誉损失风险的情形，刻画面临不确定需求时由单供应商和单零售商组成的二级供应链系统，建立供应商资金约束背景下基于批发价契约的博弈模型，探讨反向保理情形下的供应链合作，并通过模型演算和数值实验为供应商提供反向保理决策依据。研究发现：当供应商资金约束时，反向保理增加供应链收益，且核心企业受益更多；反向保理能增强供应链运营稳定性和捕捉机会的能力；研究意外发现了供应商和零售商同时受益于优惠的融资条件因而具有加强合作的动力。研究揭示了买方驱动融资的动机并为金融增强供应链合作提供新的支撑。     

论汉魏六朝音乐赋的新变

汉魏六朝音乐赋中乐器赋占绝大多数,始于两汉,盛于两晋,在发展过程中题材不断拓展,呈现出骚体趋于俳体,骈偶化增强的趋势。其发展兴盛、题材拓展、体制变化的过程与当时的社会生活内容的拓展、人们的喜好和文学体制的变化息息相关,成为了解和考证当时社会生活的一面镜子。     

反向购买相关会计处理问题研究

反向购买是近年来资本市场的热门话题之一。2006年2月15日,财政部颁布新的《企业会计准则》和《企业会计准则讲解2006》,结束了我国企业并购重组业务在实务操作中一直无准则可依的历史;而随后推出的《企业会计准则讲解2008》使反向购买完全浮出水面,使得自2006年以来在我国沪深A股市场上发展迅速的反向购买业务有了明确的会计规定。反向购买中企业合并会计方法的选择也就自然成了一个非常热门的话题。选择不同的企业合并方法,对借壳上市企业必将产生不同的会计后果,所以会计监管部门应加大监管力度,以规范企业借壳上市的会计处理方法。