Agency and fatalism in older Appalachian women’s information seeking about gynecological cancer

Researchers consider older women in rural Appalachia to have low levels of agency and high levels of fatalism regarding decision making about cancer treatment. Using the life course perspective, we examined older women’s agency with information seeking about gynecological cancer. Semistructured interviews with 20 White women living in central Appalachia revealed four trajectories: Surrendering Control, Accepting Death, Self-Care, and Advocacy, each with its own forms of agency. Some women experienced personal transformation, increased self-efficacy, and a passion for community empowerment. Fatalism was not understood apart from placing trust in medical expertise. We implore researchers to further explore rural expressions of agency.     

彝族传统治理资源的研究综述 ——基于乡村治理视域

乡村治理是乡村振兴战略设计框架中的重要内容，是我国国家治理的内在基础逻辑。要构建和完善“自治法治德治”的 乡村治理体系，应当积极发掘、传承保护、盘活和创新利用好乡村传统治理资源，推进本土化治理，实现乡村善治的终极目标。 彝族传统文化结构中蕴藏有丰富的治理资源，相关学者早从不同视角做过相关探讨或研究。总体看来，目前，虽然学界以“乡 村治理”作为直接视角嵌入的研究尚少，但是早有学者针对彝族的习惯法、家支制度、德古机制、信仰文化、乡村精英等展开相 关研究。众多研究成果表明，彝族传统治理资源具有强大的治理效能和实现乡村善治的独特优势。     

重庆农村土地交易所篚运行机制及其优化

重庆农村土地交易所是我国首家农村土地交易市场，其成立对于推进重庆统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区建设、探索建立城乡统一的土地交易市场具有极为重要的意义。对重庆农村土地交易所基本管理体系、运行框架、交易品种以及历次地票交易情况等的调查分析表明，应充分发挥农村土地交易所市场平台作用，进一步丰富交易品种和服务内容，按照地票的商品特性和市场供求关系建立合理的价格形成机制，构建合理的地票收益分配机制，进一步完善交易所内部管理机制。     

对成都市在“城乡一体化”改革中创新突破的调查和研究

城乡统筹发展的实质就是要协调城市与乡村的各类要素资源,打破城、镇、乡、村的脱节和工业与农业发展不平衡的格局,实现以城乡一体化为目标、以改革创新为核心、以群众利益最大化为宗旨、以市场化为动力、以政策为保障的城乡和谐与可持续发展。     

中国第三条农村城镇化道路探索--基于劳动力供给视角

当前中国以异地化转移的城镇化模式已暴露出众多的问题，这种以人口非家庭式迁移和异地转移为主要特点的城镇化发展模式不可持续，必须予以改变。通过对中国第三条农村城镇化道路进行探索可知，以企业战略推动的统筹发展型就地城镇化模式能够弥补前两条道路的不足，可以实现整村、全家同步转移，农民到市民一步的转换，具有多元正效应。在就地转移的第三条道路中，个体的搜寻成本、心理成本、交通成本和住房成本明显低于第二条道路中相应的成本，而生活成本和学习成本则相差不大。将个体劳动供给经典模型进行扩展可知，当工作时间相同时，第三条道路的劳动者个体拥有较高的实际收入和效用水平；从家庭效用模型中也可发现，家庭部门愿意提供的就地转移劳动数量要多于异地转移劳动数量，其更倾向于第三条道路下的就地转移方式。     

社会转型背景下农村生计方式变迁研究——以河北省D县为例

生计方式变迁属于社会整体性变迁的一个重要组成部分。论文以河北省D县为例,通过对D县农村生计方式的变迁进行实地研究,描述了生计方式变迁的内容,并深入分析生计方式变迁的动力机制。生计方式变迁导致了农民家庭收入的不稳定、人际关系的功利化、社会流动的不合理、"熟人社会"的陌生化等问题,积极寻求农民理性适应生计方式变迁的途径直接关系到新农村建设和稳定。     

China＇s Household Tradition and Its Rural Development Path： With Reference to Traditional Russian and Indian Village Communities

能够对现代社会产生长远影响的本源型传统，构成现代社会发展的基础性制度。在东方国家的本源型传统中，不同于俄国和印度的村社制，中国是家户制，并在此基础上形成独特的中国农村发展道路。其中包括：以家户经营为基础的农业经营组织，家户内部农工商结合基础上的农工商互补经济，家户互助合作基础上的农村合作形式，家国共治基础上的农村治理体系。在中国农村发展进程中，尽管家户制一度被抛弃，但仍构成当下及未来农村发展的制度底色。     

The Association Between the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and Health Care Seeking Behavior Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

The new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS) is the primary form of social insurance in rural China. This study aims to explore how the NCMS influences the health care seeking behaviors of middle-aged and older Chinese, considering the family and community contexts. A series of multi-level (three-level) models using data from the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) are used. We find that the presence of NCMS coverage has a statistically significant association with seeking inpatient and outpatient care but not physical checkups among middle-aged and older rural Chinese: Rural residents insured by NCMS were more likely to seek inpatient and outpatient care than people who were not insured. Other factors at the individual level (such as self-perceived health and number of doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases), the family level (such as living arrangements and household expenditures), and the community level (such as the presence of township hospitals within the community) are also significant predictors of health care seeking behaviors.     

Perception of Climate Risk among Rural Farmers in Vietnam: Consistency within Households and with the Empirical Record

Rural farmers in Vietnamese communes perceive climate risk and potential impacts on livelihood within a complex context that may influence individual and household decisions. In a primary survey of 1,145 residents of the Thach Ha district of Ha Tinh province, we gathered data regarding perception about stability in climate, potential risks to livelihood, demographic characteristics, orientation toward risk, and interest in expanding economic activity. Temporal analysis of meteorological and economic indicator data forms an empirical basis for comparison with human perception. We ask the basic question: Are rural farmers’ perceptions of climate consistent with the historical record and reproducible within households? We find that respondents do perceive climate anomalies, with some anchoring on recent extreme events as revealed by climate observational data, and further that spouses disproportionately share perceptions relative to randomly simulated pairings. To put climate‐related risk perception in a larger context, we examine patterns across a range of risks to livelihood faced by farmers (livestock disease, pests, markets, health), using dimension reduction techniques. We find that our respondents distinguish among potential causes of low economic productivity, with substantial emphasis on climate‐related impacts. They do not express uniform concern across risks, but rather average patterns reveal common modes and distinguish climate concern. Still, among those expressing concern about climate‐related risks to livelihood we do not find an association with expressed intention to pursue changes in economic activity as a risk management response.     

农村校车安全事故背后的教育公平问题

近年来农村校车事故频发,使得校车安全问题浮出了水面。其实,校车不够规范只是校车事故频发的表层原因,而更深层次的原因却在于城乡教育资源配置的不公平。所以要解决校车安全问题,不仅在于规范校车、提高校车的质量,还在于合理配置教育资源,实现城乡教育公平。