Generalizability of an adult-validated model for predicting increased physical activity in after-school program children: Effects of treatment formats on fitness indicators

Inappropriately high weight in children is a persistent problem in the United States, and physical activity is often reduced in schools due to academic demands. Effective after-school programs could positively impact both physical activity and overweight/obesity, however previous reviews and meta-analyses have indicated minimal effects. Both 4- and 3-day/week versions of a social cognitive theory-driven physical activity/nutrition after-school program were evaluated against unstructured care to assess effects in children (overall M_age = 10.00 years, SD = .80). For changes over 9 months in body mass index (BMI), effects sizes (Cohen’s d) were .68, .40, and .07 in the 4-day (n = 70), 3-day (n = 70), and unstructured (n = 50) groups, respectively. Similar patterns of effects were found for changes in free-time physical activity and cardiovascular endurance. Incorporating a theory-based prediction model previously supported in teens through older adults, with and without medical disorders and health-risk factors, improvements in exercise-related self-regulation and self-efficacy, and mood, significantly predicted increased free-time physical activity (R² = .48). Effects significantly strengthened to R² = .62 when completion/non-completion of the recommended 300 min/week of physical activity was also accounted for. Change in BMI was inversely related to physical activity change, β=-.14, p < .05. The present evaluation process indicated promising effects, and indicated theory-based targets to foster future program improvements.     

Making Sense of After‐School Care Dilemmas in Mothers' Stories of After‐School Care in Finland and Sweden

The study focuses on dilemmas in storied experiences of everyday after‐school care arrangements among Swedish and Finnish mothers. Finland and Sweden, which share a history of strong labour market attachment among women, arrange institutional after‐school care in similar ways. The data consist of interviews with three Swedish and six Finnish mothers. A positioning analysis of four stories shows how decisions related to children's after‐school hours were allocated among different actors. Two reoccurring dilemmas, Competent‐dependent child stories and Unburdened‐deficient mother stories, emerged from the data analysis as related to prevailing moral discourses on childhood and motherhood.     

高职学生文献信息需求的阶段性特征及服务

分析了高职院校学生在入学初期、专业学习、实验实训、毕业准备四个阶段对图书馆文献资源和信息服务的需求特点,提出了根据阶段性需求特点开展高职院校图书馆读者服务的思路和举措,以期为创新高职院校图书馆读者服务模式提供参考。     

Transforming a municipal school sports programme through a critical communicative methodology: The role of the of advisory committee

This research applies a communicative methodology (CM) to the transformation and improvement of the Municipal Comprehensive School Sports Programme in Segovia, Spain (MCSSP), using egalitarian dialogue, based on validity rather than power claims to achieve intersubjectivity and arrive at consensus between all of the Programme’s stakeholders through the intervention of an advisory committee (AC). The AC is a body comprising representatives of all stakeholder groups involved in the programme. During the 2013–2014 academic year the programme’s AC met four times, operating as a communicative focus group (CFG). The meetings focused on: (1) excluding dimensions (barriers preventing transformation) and transforming dimensions (ways of overcoming barriers), (2) the programme’s strengths, (3) the programme’s weaknesses and specific actions to remedy them, and (4) the resulting conclusions which were then incorporated into the subsequent programme contract signed between the University and the Segovia Local Authority for 2014–2018. The key conclusions were: (1) the recommendations of the AC widen the range of perspectives and help the research team to make key decisions and (2) the use of CM to fully evaluate the programme and to reach a consensus on how to improve it proved very valuable.     

新能量状态下抗肿瘤光敏剂的研究

研究光动力疗法（photodynamic therapy,PDT）治疗肿瘤的机制.方法：建立裸鼠胰腺癌模型,以血卟啉衍生物作为光敏剂,测定PDT治疗后,肿瘤组织内脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量,并采用免疫组化LSAB法,对肿瘤区血管损伤状况进行研究.     

学校体育伤害事故的类型及责任认定探析

学校体育伤害事故关系学校、教工、学生和家长等多方主体利益,更关系国家体育教育事业的发展。根据发生原因的不同,学校体育伤害事故可以分为因物的原因、因人的原因和因意外原因导致的三种不同类型的学校体育伤害事故。学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育等不同受教育阶段学生的行为能力存在明显差异:学前教育阶段学生属无民事行为能力人;初等教育阶段学生以无民事行为能力为一般,以限制民事行为能力为特殊;中等教育阶段学生属限制民事行为能力人;高等教育阶段学生为完全民事行为能力人。结合我国现有法律法规,不同受教育阶段中,不同类型的学校体育伤害事故,各方主体(学校、教师、家长、学生等)的法律责任分配是不同的。法律责任的清晰界定不仅有助于解决此类纠纷,而且有利于构建一个权责明确的社会,促进学生身心健康成长,发展体育运动事业。     

身处异代成相知尽在悠悠故国情——从朱彝尊对周密《绝妙好词》的接受说起

《词综》是浙西词派的理论代表。《词综》和《绝妙好词》在宗派意识和对“雅”词的崇尚方面，表现出极大的相似性。这表明，朱彝尊在编选《词综》时曾自觉接受周密《绝妙好词》的影响。其深层原因在于，浙西词宗朱彝尊和周密有相似的遗民情怀。     

Parental income and the fruits of labor: Variability in homework efficacy in secondary school

Research in the sociology of education has shown that noncognitive traits are important predictors of educational outcomes and a mechanism of the intergenerational transmission of status. However, previous research on this topic typically posits that there is a constant effect of these traits with variable prevalences of these traits by socioeconomic status. Using time spent on homework as an example, I analyze income-based heterogeneity in homework efficacy, defined as the individual effect of study time on academic achievement, using a national U.S. probability sample of secondary students. Higher income students gain more knowledge from their homework time than their counterparts in all grades and all subjects except history, with greater group differences for math than for science and reading. These results are confirmed by models accounting for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity in the 8th–10th, but not 10th–12th, grade windows. These results imply that increases in the amount of homework assigned may increase the socioeconomic achievement gap in math, science, and reading in secondary school.     

Dashed Hopes,Dashed Selves? A Sociometer Perspective on Self‐esteem Change Across the Transition to Secondary School

The transition from primary to secondary school challenges children's psychological well‐being. A cross‐transitional longitudinal study (N = 306; mean age = 12.2 years) examined why some children's self‐esteem decreases across the transition whereas other children's self‐esteem does not. Children's expected social acceptance in secondary school was measured before the transition; their actually perceived social acceptance was measured after the transition. Self‐esteem and Big Five personality traits were measured both pre‐ and posttransition. Self‐esteem changed as a function of the discrepancy between children's expected and actually perceived social acceptance. Furthermore, neuroticism magnified self‐esteem decreases when children's ‘hopes were dashed'—when they experienced disappointing levels of social acceptance. These findings provide longitudinal support for sociometer theory across the critical transition to secondary school.     

基于分层教学理论的高职高专公共英语教改探索

针对高职高专院校学生生源的层次差异,英语教学可采用分层教学,即根据学生个体差异,将学生分成不同水平的班组,制订不同的计划、目标和方法进行教学。分层教学能够使更多的学生在各自基础上得到最为有效、合理的发展,使各类学生的潜能都能得到最大程度的开发。分层教学实施过程中,要注意制订科学合理的分层方案,进行科学有效的管理,注重教师教育科研水平的提升。