A Comparison of Partially Adaptive and Reweighted Least Squares Estimation

The small sample performance of least median of squares, reweighted least squares, least squares, least absolute deviations, and three partially adaptive estimators are compared using Monte Carlo simulations. Two data problems are addressed in the paper: (1) data generated from non-normal error distributions and (2) contaminated data. Breakdown plots are used to investigate the sensitivity of partially adaptive estimators to data contamination relative to RLS. One partially adaptive estimator performs especially well when the errors are skewed, while another partially adaptive estimator and RLS perform particularly well when the errors are extremely leptokur-totic. In comparison with RLS, partially adaptive estimators are only moderately effective in resisting data contamination; however, they outperform least squares and least absolute deviation estimators.     

生态化是小城镇建设的可持续之道

在城镇化的进程中，生态环境的恶化主要表现为小城镇建设活动中本身对生态环境的破坏；城镇布局和规划上的盲目性，忽视特色，对城镇文化底蕴的破坏；将经济效益与生态效益对立起来等。要想实现城镇化建设的可持续发展，必须以人为本，立足当前，注重长远，把城镇化的生态化作为枢纽和起点。     

Attracting Micro‐Enterprises To Learning

Micro‐enterprises, i.e. firms with less than 10 employees, are traditionally the hardest to engage in learning; they are also least likely to participate in such measures as business advice and guidance provision and initiatives to support information communication technology (ICT) adoption. Through a community‐based initiative initially targeting parents (unemployed or employed) to participate in ICT, 30 micro‐enterprises were attracted to learning for the first time. These companies had carefully avoided similar initiatives taking place locally, which emphasized business success and growth; they had only participated in this ICT skills training because of their children. The paper takes a case study approach to evaluate the reasons for participation, explores barriers and implications for those organizing similar activities, and calls for a more holistic view of owners and managers of small firms as fathers, mothers, etc. rather than just as ‘entrepreneurs’.     

大小生意的区分对销售及销售管理的重要意义

小生意与大生意有着很大的不同 ,对它们的进一步区分对销售和销售管理都具有重要意义。主要在于 :购买者在小生意和大生意决策程序不同 ,销售和展示产品的方法有别 ,销售管理中评价的指标有别。     

中小企业信用评价体系运行模式研究

企业信用尤其是中小企业信用缺失已成为影响社会进步和经济发展的重要障碍:商业信用缺失导致经营环境和金融环境恶化;管理失信行为造成管理效率低下;质量失信行为引发假冒伪劣,浪费严重。信用评价体系建设的关键是要确定信用评价体系运行模式。我国应该构建政府、信用管理行业协会和市场化信用服务组织分工明确、各有侧重、相互协调的信用评价体系运行模式。政府应是信用秩序治理的政策制定者和监督管理者,同时要在现代公共管理理念的指导下,鼓励、支持社会性服务组织提供信用评价服务;市场化信用服务组织的作用是通过提供信用产品与服务来满足企业和社会组织的市场需求;信用管理协会的作用是进行行业自律,引导行业开展有序经营,合理健康地发展。     

地市级党报发展史上的新闻传奇——媒介生态学视野下全国第一张渔业报《舟山报》的由来及其影响

1956年，《舟山报》改办为全国第一张渔业报，这是“双百”方针指导下地方报纸新闻改革成功的鲜活典型。今天，从媒介生态学的角度，分析促使当年《舟山报》改办成功的内外生态因子，对于地市报刊准确把握媒介生态位，办出地方特色，具有重要意义。     

中小企业成长的社会网络解释与分析

中小企业成长依赖于外部资源获取,而资源获取渠道又通常产自于由各种社会关系构成的社会网络。本文针对中小企业成长的独特轨迹,认为社会网络理论在中小企业资源获取及在此基础上的持续成长方面具有独到的解释与分析力度。此外,对社会网络的演进模式及其在中小企业资源获取与成长过程中发挥的作用进行了分析。最后,对社会网络理论在中小企业成长方面可能的具体研究应用领域进行了探讨。     

日本中小企业对外直接投资的理论解释

与其它发达国家中小企业对外直接投资相比,日本中小企业对外直接投资起步较晚,但发展较为迅速。由于传统的对外直接投资理论无法对这一现象进行解释,本文将用比较优势理论、小规模技术理论、企业国际化的网络理论、资源基础论、投资诱发要素组合理论、反技术锁定等理论对这一现象进行理论解释。     

Triadic Interaction among Newly Acquainted 2-year-olds

Are children as young as 2 years old able to interact in groups of three? The study applied the family triad model first introduced by Parke, Power, and Gottman (1979 ) to the case of peer interaction. In Experiment 1 , the model was refined for use in studies of peer interaction and applied to an existing dataset of 16 triads of newly acquainted 24‐month‐olds. In Experiment 2 , the triadic coding system was further refined and applied to 12 single‐sex triads of newly acquainted 2‐year‐olds. The findings demonstrated that 2‐year‐olds are capable of triadic interaction although the predominant interaction pattern in triads is still dyadic. Contrary to past reports, triadic interaction was more likely to occur when the children were not in conflict. Both girls and boys were capable of triadic interaction.