Socio-demographic Differences in Self-reported Psychological Distress Among 25- to 64-Year-Old Finns

Background Mental health problems are a major public health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of socio-demographic characteristics associated with different domains of psychological distress in Finland. Methods Data source was a nationwide survey “Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population” (AVTK), from years 2002 to 2003 (N = 5425; response rate 66%). Psychological distress was measured by self-reported questions of general mental health (MHI-5), depression, insomnia and stress. Socio-demographic factors included education, employment status, partnership and children living in the household. Main analyses were conducted by multivariate logistic regression. Results Education, employment and partnership were associated with most of the psychological distress outcomes. Respondents with a lower educational level had poor mental health in both genders but less insomnia and stress in men. Those with an intermediate education had the least stress in women. The unemployed and retired were at a higher risk for poor mental health and depression. Moreover, employment status was associated with insomnia and stress in men. Respondents not having a partner showed a higher risk of psychological distress according to all measures. Not having children living in the household was associated with insomnia in women and with less stress in men. Conclusions Socio-demographic factors, such as having a partner and employment status, are associated with several measures of psychological distress indicating the importance of social and economic factors to psychological well-being. The association of education and of having children living at home varies by the domain of psychological distress measure.     

大学英语学习策略情况的问卷调查研究和分析

对所教班级学生使用英语学习策略情况进行一次问卷调查，并进行较为详尽的分析，调查了解他们运用学习策略的情况和存在的问题。提出一些指导学生形成行之有效的学习策略的建议。     

中国提高妇女地位的国家机制

性别平等立法和政策的社会性别主流化、国家行动计划的制定与实施以及促进性别平等国家机构的建设是建立完善提高妇女地位的国家机制的重要内容。20世纪90年代以来，中国在提高妇女地位的国家机制的建设上实现了三个重大突破，为促进性别平等与妇女发展创造了良好的制度环境。面对现存的主要问题和未来的挑战，文章提出了对策和建议。     

Disciplining qualitative decision exercises: Aspects of a transempirical protocol

This paper defines and defends certain procedural and instrumental initiatives taken to constitute a transempirical protocol. This protocol is intended to provide one avenue for extending the bounds of rationality to decision exercises where there are only limited opportunities for effecting objective or empirical discipline. That is, the practical purpose of the protocol's facilities is to help prevent decision exercises that must be conducted in the face of a signal sparsity of objective/empirical predicates from degenerating into an uncontrolled retreat from reason.The paper is divided into two essentially self-contained parts. Part I will try to establish the rationale for the transempirical protocol in light of the reach and limits of other decision-theoretic platforms, and briefly introduce the set of provisions it entails. Part II will then go through a technical elaboration of these provisions, suggesting how they might be brought towards operational significance.     

Predicting Severity of Foreign Body Injuries in Children in Upper Airways: An Approach Based on Regression Trees

The entry of a small item into the upper airways is one of the leading causes of injuries in children up to 14 years old. The aim of this study is to characterize types of objects causing choking along with the features of the children involved in the accident and compare results with current standards. The European Survey on Foreign Bodies Injuries Study (ESFBI) collected data on foreign body injuries from 19 European countries. The data from ESFBI were selected according to the ICD-9-CM codes 933 (foreign body in the pharynx and larynx) and 934 (foreign body in the trachea, bronchi, and lungs). Both a classification tree and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) have been set up to predict the probability that an injured child experiences a hospitalization. The classification tree provides flowchart-type decision rules and allows for analyzing the impact of the item features, the children characteristics, and the circumstances of the accidents on the severity of the foreign body injuries. Results showed that children younger than 3.5 who are involved in an accident have a high probability to experience a hospitalization.     

基于RS分析的中国债券市场分形特征研究

文章详细讨论了RS分析方法、概率空间分形维的测度,通过对上证国债指数和上证企债指数的RS分析,得到了两序列赫斯特指数和非周期循环长度,进一步得出中国债券市场为分形市场的结论.     

On Bayesian estimators in multistage binomial designs

A new class of Bayesian estimators for a proportion in multistage binomial designs is considered. Priors belong to the beta-J distribution family, which is derived from the Fisher information associated with the design. The transposition of the beta parameters of the Haldane and the uniform priors in fixed binomial experiments into the beta-J distribution yields bias-corrected versions of these priors in multistage designs. We show that the estimator of the posterior mean based on the corrected Haldane prior and the estimator of the posterior mode based on the corrected uniform prior have good frequentist properties. An easy-to-use approximation of the estimator of the posterior mode is provided. The new Bayesian estimators are compared to Whitehead's and the uniformly minimum variance estimators through several multistage designs. Last, the bias of the estimator of the posterior mode is derived for a particular case.     

电话交谈中的他人发起修正现象探析

以会话分析的方法,对日常电话交谈中出现频率较高的他人发起修正现象进行了分析研究,总结了电话交谈中他人发起修正的原因、序列结构、发起策略及修正的途径。认为尽管电话交谈语料繁复、随意,但还是有规律可循的,只要参与交际的双方能把握其特点和规律,就能有效避免交际中问题源的产生,或一旦出现需修正的问题源就能及时予以修正,以保障交际的顺畅进行。     

The consequences of unobserved heterogeneity in a sequential logit model

Cameron and Heckman (1998) established that a sequential logit model is more sensitive than many other models to the possible biasing influence of unobserved heterogeneity. This article proposes a method which allows researchers to find out how large this potential problem is for their data, their model, and their hypothesis of interest. This is done by proposing a set of scenarios for this unobserved heterogeneity, and showing how to estimate the effects of interest given these scenarios. The set of results from these scenarios give an indication of how sensitive the results are to assumptions regarding unobserved heterogeneity. This sensitivity analysis has been applied to a study of educational attainment in the Netherlands, and it showed that that the finding that the effect of father's education declined over transitions is quite sensitive to the assumptions made about unobserved heterogeneity, but that the finding that the effect of father's education declined over birth cohorts is more robust than is often feared.     

师范院校普通话教学存在的问题及对策

普通话教学是师范院校大学生教育的一个重要的基础环节,目前尚存在着认识不足、识字量不够、规范读音意识不强、学习方法不够多样、教学方法单一,以及课时设置少、班级相对过大等问题,提出提高认识、增加识字量、增强规范读音意识、学习方法灵活、教学方法多种多样以及增加课时、缩减班级人数等措施,应该引起学生、教师和管理者的高度重视。