对《红楼梦》中自杀案例的解读——一种自杀的“压力不协调理论”的视角

自杀的压力不协调理论也可以用于对中国古代自杀案例的研究和探讨.在《红楼梦》所描写的11个自杀死亡案例中,每个案例都面临着现实与愿望之间的冲突、相对剥夺以及应对危机技能的缺乏等三种压力源,但却都不存在不同价值观的冲突的压力源.这表明,在《红楼梦》所反映的历史时期的社会生活中,自杀死亡者往往同时面临着几种不协调的压力源,他们的死亡是这些压力源所产生的不协调压力叠加的结果.     

硫化天然橡胶疲劳应变结晶性能研究

本文通过对硫化天然橡胶疲劳试件傅立叶变换红外光谱分析发现:随着应变幅值的增加,无论载荷是单轴还是多轴状态下,橡胶材料结晶含量随着载荷幅值的增加而增加。     

The Effects of Work and Community Resources and Demands on Family Integration

This paper uses interviews with 1,156 married dual-earner parents of children aged 10–17 from the 1992–1994 National Survey of Families and Households to examine relationships between work and community resources and demands and two aspects of family integration: activities with adolescents and family cohesion. The results indicate that mothers' shorter paid work hours and fathers' lower participation in community-professional organizations and moderate and high levels of informal helping are positively related to activities with adolescents, whereas moderate and high levels of participation in organized youth activities are positively related to family integration. Community-based subjective resources are positively related to family integration, whereas work-based subjective demands are negatively related to family cohesion. The findings generally are similar for mothers and fathers.     

Chronic strain, daily work stress and pain among workers with rheumatoid arthritis: Does job stress make a bad day worse?

The structure of the job and the daily experience of work are challenges for workers with rheumatoid arthritis. Yet little is known about how these two factors interact to put workers with chronic pain at risk for worse pain on a given day. This exploratory 20 workday diary study of 27 workers with rheumatoid arthritis used hierarchical linear modelling to examine how the structure of the job and neuroticism moderate the relationship between daily undesirable work events (daily stressors), and pain reports within a day. On days with more undesirable work events compared to days with fewer events, individuals with jobs associated with job 'strain' (high demand/low control) reported greater midday pain, irrespective of neuroticism and negative mood, than workers with other combinations of demand and control. These findings demonstrate the utility of analysing fluctuating within-person relationships among pain, mood and daily work stressors within the context of the structure of the job, and helps to explain why daily work stressors result in worse health outcomes for some but not all workers with RA.     

絮凝天然碱碱泥的生物絮凝剂产生菌分批发酵动力学模型

本论文从生活污水中筛选出一株能产生生物絮凝剂的菌株,经鉴定为肠球菌属(Enterococcus Thiercelin and Jouhaud,1984)中的盲肠肠球菌(E.cecorum),此菌株产生的代谢产物对天然碱碱泥有较好的絮凝效果.利用该菌株进行了生物絮凝剂产生菌分批发酵过程的动力学研究.通过对多次试验数据的拟合,提出了3个细胞生长动力学模型、2个主要基质(麦芽糖)消耗动力学模型、3个产物絮凝剂生成动力学模型,并用统计学软件估算了各动力学模型的模型参数.计算结果表明,各模型的计算值都能较好地与实验结果相吻合,拟合优度R2大于0.9,相对误差基本小于10%.最后,从各类模型中选择了比较有实际意义和应用价值的3个模型分别作为细胞生长、基质消耗和产物生成的动力学模型.     

Work and Family Role Strain Among University Employees

This paper analyzes the determinants of work and family role strain among university employees with data from a survey of faculty and staff of a public university in the Western U.S. The results indicate that difficulties caring for children and elderly dependents are the primary causes of work and family role strain in the family domain, while dissatisfaction with resources and perceived unfair criticism are primary in the work domain. The predictors of work and family role strain are similar for faculty and staff, and for men and women, with one exception: Having a supportive spouse or partner reduces work and family role strain much more for women than it does for men. Implications for university personnel policy are discussed.     

Organizational change in the public sector: Augmenting the demand control model to predict employee outcomes under New Public Management

This study identifies the environmental and personal characteristics that predict employee outcomes within an Australian public sector organization that had, under New Public Management (NPM), implemented a variety of practices traditionally found in the private sector. These are more results-oriented, and their adoption can be accompanied by increased strain for employees. The current investigation was guided by two complementary theories, the Demand Control Support (DCS) model and Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, and sought to examine the benefits of building on the DCS to include both situation-specific stressors and internal coping resources. Survey responses from 1,155 employees were analysed. The hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both external and employee-centred variables made significant contributions to variations in psychological health, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The external resources, work based support and, to a lesser extent, job control, predicted relatively large proportions of the variance in the target variables. The situation-specific stressors, particularly those involving harmful management practices (e.g., insufficient time to do job as well as you would like, lack of recognition for good work), made significant contributions to the outcome measures and generally supported the process of augmenting the generic components of the DCS with more situation-specific variables. In terms of internal resources, problem and emotion-based coping improved the capacity of the model to predict psychological health. The results suggest that the impact of NPM can be ameliorated by incorporating the dimensions of the augmented DCS and coping resources into the change programme.     

圆筒形件拉深过程的力学理论分析与计算

本文应用塑性力学理论分析了拉深变形过程,根据拉深变形的实际情况,建立了位移和凸缘半径之间的关系,然后从轴对称变形几何方程出发,求出了拉深变形的应变与凸缘半径之间的关系,并通过该关系求得了等效应变,确定了真实应力应变关系模式,从而求解出了拉深力.     

致蚕蛹蛋白变质菌种的筛选及鉴定

通过物理、化学、生理生化实验等微生物学实验研究致蚕蛹蛋白变质细菌并对其进行鉴定,旨在为继续探索有关蚕蛹蛋白防腐保鲜等问题的研究提供基础实验数据资料。     

Violence towards psychiatric staff: a comparison of gender, job and environmental characteristics in England and Sweden

Workplace violence is receiving increasing attention world-wide, and studies suggest that, for example, nurses and women may be more abused at work than psychiatrists and men. However, there is a lack of cross-cultural data on the topic. Further, relatively few studies have addressed the influence of environmental factors in the occurrence of violence and within a cross-cultural context. The present study compares among other things the nature of violence encountered by female/male staff (nurses and psychiatrists) in Sweden and England. Psychiatric personnel from England (301 nurses; 74 psychiatrists) and Sweden (745 nurses; 306 psychiatrists) were assessed cross-sectionally by means of a questionnaire covering various areas (e.g. nature of violence). The univariate analyses showed an association between being abused and male gender, young age, being British and a nurse, physical and psychological strain. The multivariate logistic regression confirmed that British nurses and male nurses were the main risk group for exposure to violence. Further, the multivariate analysis indicated that the odds of being abused increased with increasing age, physical strain and dissatisfaction with quality of care. Interventions thus need to be sensitive to gender differences, societal context, professional roles and interactions between them. Further, clinical supervision and team functioning, organizational and environmentally friendly settings may help to reduce violence in mental health care.