Sexual fantasies about one's partner versus someone else: Gender differences in incidence and frequency

Gender differences in the proportion of sexual fantasies involving someone other than a current partner (extradyadic fantasies) were explored using an anonymous questionnaire administered to 349 university students and employees (ages 18 to 70) who reported that they were currently in heterosexual relationships. Eighty‐seven percent of the sample (98% of men and 80% of women) reported having extradyadic fantasies in the past 2 months. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that, compared to women, a larger percentage of men's sexual fantasies were extradyadic even after controlling for the effects of relationship length, number of prior sex partners, any prior incidents of actual extradyadic sexual behavior or “cheating” on the current partner, and socioeconomic status. In addition, it was found that the proportion of extradyadic fantasies increased as a function of relationship length for both genders, while prior incidents of extradyadic sexual behavior and a larger number of prior partners were associated with a higher proportion of extradyadic fantasies for women only.     

Understanding Sheng Nu (“Leftover Women”): the Phenomenon of Late Marriage among Chinese Professional Women

In the past few decades, there has been a rise in the number of single, unmarried Chinese professional women, which is known as the sheng nu or “leftover women” phenomenon. Through an interactionist grounded theory method, this study has located the interactional constraints faced by 50 single Chinese professional women that were issued by their male romantic partners and parents, respectively. “Discriminatory” and “controlling” gendered constraints issued by the women's male suitors and partners reflected the persistence of the Chinese patriarchal structure, and this was found to be the leading cause of the women being “leftover” in the marriage market. Parents' traditional views continued to exert strong influences on the women's marital choices, but this was seen to conflict with their more “modern” views toward advocating and supporting the women's strong economic achievements. The four different types of Chinese professional women that were constructed based on their different partner choice strategies not only gave rise to an in‐depth and nuanced understanding of the sheng nu phenomenon in China, but could also be generalized toward understanding the marital choices of single professional women in other patriarchal societies who faced similar dilemmas in reconciling interactional constraints imposed by men and parents alike.     

量刑监督视域下量刑实体规则构建研究

量刑实体规则是衡量量刑是否公正的一把标尺。法检协力总结量刑经验、细化量刑思维步骤从而定型量刑实体规则,是确保量刑公正和强化监督的关键所在。作为对应某一罪名常见形态的刑量参数的量刑基准被称为标尺的刻度,在量刑实体规则中居于基础地位;在众多事实中分类择取和评定量刑情节,进而调整刑罚幅度是量刑实体规则的核心内容;运用数据统计的方式类型化归纳个案的量刑经验,是定型量刑实体规则的发展趋势,借助于指导性案例的采集渠道无疑具有较大的可行性。     

Engaged with eBay

eBay promises individuals varied identity positions but renders the most traditional roles—particularly wedding engagements and marriages between a woman and a man. The company indicates that “you can get it on eBay” and the site satisfies desires, fulfills consumer needs, and connects people. Yet, eBay also controls the messy and queer aspects of collecting, and institutes a normalizing structure that compels most individuals to follow eBay's directives, attend to its moral codes, and facilitate community trust. I use close visual and textual analysis and feminist and collecting literature to interrogate how eBay deploys narratives about engagement rings, weddings, and heterosexual unions. I also consider the related ways women sellers list their personal wedding dresses. By providing representations of their weddings and marriages, these women support eBay's normalizing structure and trouble some of its functions. Studying such practices is important because wedding cultures and related rituals ordinarily articulate gender, race, and sexuality positions; conceptions of the individual, family, community, and state; connections between love and consumerism; and the standards by which people are expected to live their lives.     

How do sexual harassment policies shape gender beliefs? An exploration of the moderating effects of norm adherence and gender

Sexual harassment laws have led to important organizational changes in the workplace yet research continues to document resistance to their implementation and backlash against the people who mobilize such laws. Employing experimental research methods, this study proposes and tests a theory specifying the mechanisms through which sexual harassment policies affect gender beliefs. The findings show evidence that sexual harassment policies strengthen unequal gender beliefs among men and women most committed to traditional gender interaction norms. I also find that men and women’s different structural locations in the status hierarchy lead to different, but related sets of concerns about the status threats posed by sexual harassment policies. By specifying the social psychological processes through which sexual harassment law affects beliefs about men and women, this study sets the stage for investigating ways to make laws designed to reduce inequality between social groups more effective.     

法律规范的结构基础与主体选择:11部促进法样本

法律规范一直是法学研究的核心范畴。法律概念采取纯粹分析实证主义方法已较难走出现实困局,应采取"形式分析路径"。以全国人大常委会颁布的11部促进法为分析样本,选择19个"表征性语词"进行搜索统计研究,进而提出促进法规范的分类和构成要素,并分析"规范主体"选择的原因,旨在探索促进经济社会发展法律规范的具体化、个性化的研究路径。     

Using Student Task Groups to Teach Group Process and Development

This article discusses an experiential assignment used in a group work course. Student groups meet throughout the semester with the task of developing a major group presentation. The assignment has the dual purpose of increasing student knowledge of diverse group approaches and providing opportunities to experience, identify, and apply group work concepts to their small-group experiences. The article uses excerpts from students' discussions about their group experiences to demonstrate the effectiveness of the assignment. Three primary themes are explored: (1) group development and emerging norms and roles, (2) issues of leadership, and (3) the role of conflict in the groups.     

Migrant remittances in Thailand: Economic necessity or social norm?

The remittances of internal migrants contribute in various ways to the well-being of their households of origin. This study examines the significance of selected socio-economic and demographic factors associated with remittance behaviour in Thailand as characterized by the propensity to remit and amount remitted. The extent to which remittances affect the living standard of house-holds left behind is also appraised. The analyses suggest that in Thailand sending remittances is a practice rooted in altruism which enables out-migrants to retain personal contact with their households of origin for an extended time. Thus, it is widely exercised regardless of the economic needs of the household. At the same time, out-migration is an effective means for low-income households to quickly overcome shortages of income. The sustenance of poor households might have been difficult without remittances. From a macro-perspective, remittances contribute to the equalization of the income distribution among households having out-migrants.     

税法理念探析

税法理念问题是税法领域研究的空白之处。在当前非均衡发展的经济背景下,如何通过揭示税法的理念来衡平税收法律关系各方利益是我们研究的主要命题。通过对理念和法的理念的初步考察后明确了税法理念的内涵与功能。然后在提出了认知税法理念的途径之后,确立"无代表不得征税"为税法的元理念,并在此基础上引申出税收法定、纳税人权利本位和税收负担实质公平三个理念。     

理论刑法向经验刑法的迈进——刑事和解视野下被害人地位的补足

在“国家-犯罪人”二元模式下,刑事和解提供提升和补足被害人地位的契机,被害人也应从幕后走向台前。刑事和解不应局限于侵犯个人法益的犯罪,侵犯公共法益的犯罪也具有刑事和解的正当性和必要性。同时,树立赔偿的惩罚机能和赎罪性质对于正确看待“以钱买刑”具有重要意义。刑事和解对于刑法理论的最大贡献在于从经验中推动刑法的迈进,纯理论的思辨刑法必将成为历史,未来的刑法将是充满活力的经验刑法。由经验到规范,实践经验与刑法规范的互动牵引着刑法的发展。