Global supplier development considering risk factors using fuzzy extended AHP-based approach

Global supplier development is a multi-criterion decision problem which includes both qualitative and quantitative factors. The global supplier selection problem is more complex than domestic one and it needs more critical analysis. The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss some of the important and critical decision criteria including risk factors for the development of an efficient system for global supplier selection. Fuzzy extended analytic hierarchy process (FEAHP) based methodology will be discussed to tackle the different decision criteria like cost, quality, service performance and supplier's profile including the risk factors involved in the selection of global supplier in the current business scenario. FEAHP is an efficient tool to handle the fuzziness of the data involved in deciding the preferences of different decision variables. The linguistic level of comparisons produced by the customers and experts for each comparison are tapped in the form triangular fuzzy numbers to construct fuzzy pair-wise comparison matrices. The implementation of the system is demonstrated by a problem having four stages of hierarchy which contains different criteria and attributes at wider perspective. The proposed model can provide not only a framework for the organization to select the global supplier but also has the capability to deploy the organization's strategy to its supplier.     

准时制(JIT)采购的战略价值及实施

本文通过和传统的采购方式的比较,分析了准时制（JIT）采购的战略价值,进而提出如何根据我国的实际情况实施JIT采购,从而提高企业参与全球化竞争的能力。     

供应商供应网络位置与企业绩效：网络认知能力的作用

从供应商的供应网络视角考察企业如何管理和利用供应商的资源和能力。在简要梳理已有研究的基础上,探讨供应商供应网络位置对制造企业绩效不同维度（运作绩效和创新绩效）的影响,并研究制造企业网络认知能力的调节效应。通过问卷调查获取237个中国制造企业样本数据,应用多元层次回归分析方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,占据优势网络位置的供应商对制造企业运作绩效和创新绩效的提升具有显著的推动作用,而网络认知能力加强了供应商供应网络位置与制造企业绩效之间的关系,即制造企业的网络认知能力越强,企业通过选择并利用具有优势网络位置的供应商所实现的运作绩效和创新绩效越大。最后对制造企业的供应商管理实践提出相关建议。     

Assembly Systems with Sequential Supplier Decisions and Uncertain Demand

We consider multitier push assembly systems with sequential supplier decisions and a wholesale price contract. We show that both an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)–Contract Manufacturer (CM) assembly and a modular assembly with sequential supplier decisions are mathematically equivalent to the corresponding traditional assembly. We determine that, in most cases, the first mover supplier realizes a higher profit than the second mover supplier but we also identify the sufficient conditions for the reverse to occur. We provide conditions under which the order quantity, the second mover profit, total supplier profits, and the assembler profit are either higher or lower for a multitier system with sequential suppliers compared to simultaneous suppliers. We conclude that the first mover is always better off in a three‐tier sequential system while she can be either better off or worse off in a four‐tier sequential system compared to the corresponding simultaneous systems. We also analyze the impact of information asymmetry on the supplier and assembler profits in a three‐tier sequential system. Finally, we determine the profit threshold for an independent manufacturer in a three‐tier system to become a CM in a four‐tier system and vice versa.     

基于VIKOR妥协解的供应商评价方法优化

文章提出构建基于VIKOR妥协解的综合模型,将TOPSIS法和GRA法以折衷妥协的形式进行综合,利用两种方法的优势,同时反映各备选方案与理想方案的整体接近程度及内部变化趋势,以克服传统的单一TOPSIS法和GRA法所带来的评价结果的片面性;并运用该综合模型完成了对案例公司供应商的评价选择以验证其可行性。     

当前中国社会福利依赖现象与反福利依赖社会政策的介入

福利依赖一直是经济发达的西方福利国家面临并竭力解决的问题。然而在经济欠发达的中国大陆,城市最低生活保障制度已经成为一种福利依赖问题,并开始影响社会公平和效率。文章分析福利依赖的成因,探讨和研究社会政策介入反福利依赖、帮助福利依赖者提高自助能力,努力促进提高社会福利的使用效果,增进经济与社会和谐发展。     

我国企业刑事合规第三方监督评估问题研究

在企业刑事合规改革中，第三方监督评估机制的建立立足于解决对涉案企业进行合规监管的问题。第三方组织监督评估的实质不仅是有组织的社会力量参与刑事司法，也是社会力量参与社会治理的体现。第三方组织监督评估具有客观、中立、专业等优势。在第三方监督评估过程中，第三方组织承担审查合规计划、监督合规计划实施以及评估合规整改情况的职责，检察机关对第三方组织履职进行组织、指引及监督。目前在制度层面，仍需进一步优化第三方组织的责任承担形式，平衡检察机关主导地位与第三方组织独立性之间的关系，并从回避机制、合规考察书面报告的争议解决以及程序公开等角度完善第三方组织监督评估的运行程序。     

Mechanisms for Increasing Sourcing from Capacity‐Constrained Local Suppliers

The fresh produce supply chain is characterized by large (mainstream) farms that are located far from consumers, and capacity‐constrained (local) farms that are located close to the consumer. In this setting, we study: (i) how leadtime and capacity asymmetry between mainstream and local farms affect a retail grocer's order policy for fresh produce, and (ii) how various operational mechanisms can increase the amount sourced from local farms. We show that this supply chain structure is disadvantageous for local suppliers (farms) because it induces the retailer to treat the local supply as a de facto responsive supply without paying a premium for the responsiveness. This disadvantage is exacerbated when the retailer's objective is to achieve a high service level. We study three mechanisms that can improve conditions for local farms: working with an intermediary, backhauling, and a retail order policy, purchase guarantee, that explicitly supports local farms. The intermediary and backhauling mechanisms help the local farm by making local supply more attractive to the retailer, inducing her to order more locally sourced produce. The intermediary reduces the retailer's overstock and stockout costs whereas backhauling increases the average margin. The purchase guarantee order policy helps local farms at the expense of retail profit. However, we show that purchase guarantee and backhauling are complementary mechanisms that together can benefit the retailer and local farms.     

Sourcing from Multiple Suppliers for Price‐Dependent Demands

We analyze a model that integrates demand shaping via dynamic pricing and risk mitigation via supply diversification. The firm under consideration replenishes a certain product from a set of capacitated suppliers for a price‐dependent demand in each period. Under deterministic capacities, we derive a multilevel base stock list price policy and establish the optimality of cost‐based supplier selection, that is, ordering from a cheaper source before more expensive ones. With general random capacities, however, neither result holds. While it is optimal to price low for a high inventory level, the optimal order quantities are not monotone with respect to the inventory level. In general, a near reorder‐point policy should be followed. Specifically, there is a reorder point for each supplier such that no order is issued to him when the inventory level is above this point and a positive order is placed almost everywhere when the inventory level is below this point. Under this policy, it may be profitable to order exclusively from the most expensive source. We characterize conditions under which a strict reorder‐point policy and a cost‐based supplier‐selection criterion become optimal. Moreover, we quantify the benefit from dynamic pricing, as opposed to static pricing, and the benefit from multiple sourcing, as opposed to single sourcing. We show that these two strategies exhibit a substitutable relationship. Dynamic pricing is less effective under multiple sourcing than under single sourcing, and supplier diversification is less valuable with price adjustments than without. Under limited supply, dynamic pricing yields a robust, long‐term profit improvement. The value of supply diversification, in contrast, mainly comes from added capacities and is most significant in the short run.