桃花源里可耕田?--从一个瑶寨看扶贫与发展

贫困一直以来被认为是经济问题,许多扶贫措施也主要是采用经济手段来试图解决这一问题.文章通过对一个背陇瑶村落50多年的社会变迁进行考察,认为生态环境的恶化是村民家庭贫困的重要原因,城乡二元结构制度也一定程度上阻碍了该村经济与社会的发展,但作者更倾向于认为贫困是一种文化秩序的结果.扶贫工作在改善贫困人口的物质生活条件的同时,也把扶贫者的思想观念灌输给贫困者,由此而产生的后果之一就是富人或者强权者的财富观强化了贫困人口的贫困感,双方以一种合谋的方式制造了一套关于贫困的文化秩序.     

Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries

Many thousands of people in developing country cities depend on recycling materials from waste for their livelihoods. With the focus of the Millennium Development Goals on poverty reduction, and of waste strategies on improving recycling rates, one of the major challenges in solid waste management in developing countries is how best to work with this informal sector to improve their livelihoods, working conditions and efficiency in recycling.The general characteristics of informal recycling are reviewed, highlighting both positive and negative aspects. Despite the health and social problems associated with informal recycling, it provides significant economic benefits that need to be retained. Experience shows that it can be highly counterproductive to establish new formal waste recycling systems without taking into account informal systems that already exist. The preferred option is to integrate the informal sector into waste management planning, building on their practices and experience, while working to improve efficiency and the living and working conditions of those involved. Issues associated with integrating informal recycling into the formal waste management sector are discussed.     

Poor Mothers and Habits of Hiding: Participatory Methods in Poverty Research

Poor mothers have long‐standing habits of hiding their lives in response to punitive authorities and stigma. We identify practices of hiding daily life, and we describe participatory research approaches for and ethical concerns in learning more about poor women's critical insights and survival strategies.     

贫困测度指标及其评价

一、引言一般来说,研究贫困问题主要涉及三个方面:一是贫困的识别;二是贫困程度测定;三是反贫困效果判定以及相应的战略选择。贫困识别问题主要指贫困的基本范畴及贫困线的合理确定,关系到贫困集合的准确界定;贫困程度的测定主要指贫困指数的定义和计算,关系到贫困程度大小的判     

The Ecology of Family Guidance in Low-Income Mexican-American and European-American Families*

This two-part study applied an ecocultural perspective to socialization of daily and long-term goals in low-income Mexican-American and European-American families with children in third, fifth, and seventh grades. The first part of the study examined family members' participation and parents' socialization goals and guidance strategies for their children's daily household chores and homework activities. The second part of the study examined parents' long-term aspirations and guidance strategies for their children's educational, vocational, and moral development. For daily activities, results showed that in Mexican-American families both parents and siblings played important roles, whereas in European-American families parents were the primary socialization agents. As predicted, in both groups parents' expertise influenced their guidance strategies. Finally, Mexican-American and European-American parents differed in their relative endorsement of gender, relational, and self-reliance goals for household chores. For long-term goals, parents in both groups held high educational, vocational, and moral aspirations for their children. However, some parents of seventh-graders had lower educational and vocational aspirations than those of fifth- and third-graders. Although expertise consistently influenced Mexican-American parents' guidance strategies, the pattern for European-American parents was mixed. The discussion highlights between- and within-group differences in daily and long-term socialization practices with an emphasis on resources and vulnerabilities in the families.     

扶贫典型人物事迹电影改编策略探析 ——以黄诗燕为例

国家精准扶贫战略实施过程中涌现了一大批扶贫攻坚的模范人物,黄诗燕就是其中的典型和代表,将其优秀事迹改编成主旋律电影,既能凸显典型人物的榜样作用,又能向世界展现脱贫攻坚的中国经验。黄诗燕事迹的电影改编,其主题表达,要以讲好中国故事为核心,在展示其感人的扶贫事迹同时,向世界传播中国扶贫经验;其人物塑造,要以还原真实、塑造典型为原则,彰显黄诗燕的榜样形象;其剧情设置,应突破传统主旋律电影模式化的叙事手段,以点带面,虚实共构;其影像画面,应利用现实主义手法,通过在地性的空间变化和符号化的典型意象,向世界输出中国影像。如此,电影改编才能产生其应有的社会价值和观影效果。     

企业参与精准扶贫对审计质量的影响

2020年,我国脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利,总结资本市场助力脱贫攻坚的经验,对推动新发展阶段中国经济的高质量发展有着重要的现实意义。以2016-2019年期间沪深两市A股上市公司中参与精准扶贫的企业为样本,探讨企业参与精准扶贫对审计质量的影响,结果发现：企业参与精准扶贫显著提高了审计质量,企业参与精准扶贫与审计质量之间的正向关系在高媒体关注度企业和非国有企业中更显著。为了巩固脱贫攻坚成果,推进乡村振兴工作,政府要高度重视企业的力量,新闻媒体要加强对企业参与精准扶贫的报道与监督,企业要积极承担社会责任,三者共同发力于中华民族伟大复兴战略全局。     

政府对农村电商扶贫的补贴机制研究

乡村振兴背景下,针对政府补贴与农村电商扶贫有效运营问题,在一个农户和一个农村电商服务平台(站)组成的供应链中,以农户的利润增长为可持续扶贫目标,探究政府补贴农户和农村电商服务平台对可持续扶贫的影响。结果表明:政府补贴农户和农村电商服务平台均能增加农户利润,提高供应链绩效;发现政府补贴的有效范围和最佳补贴额;政府补贴策略与政府补贴总额及农产品销量密切相关。政府补贴总额较少时,补贴农户情形下销售努力水平、佣金和产量较高;政府补贴总额较多时,补贴农村电商服务平台情形下较高。农产品热销时,政府补贴农村电商服务平台情形下可持续扶贫效果更佳;农产品销量低时,补贴农户对可持续扶贫更有利。     

后发展地区“贫困文化”话语：在学界与公众之间

以文献分析和扎根编码的方法,分析不同主体对“贫困文化”的理解,发现：部分研究运用“贫困文化”理论以解释经济或教育欠发达地区的文化表征,使得西方话语构建的“贫困文化”在国内学界话语中发生变形。“贫困文化”逐渐被构建成贫困地区文化的集体表征,即“贫困文化”的集体表征是具有区域性的,倾向于认同经济后发展地区带有这种文化特征;公众对“贫困文化”的理解则倾向于个体表征,即“贫困文化”的个体表征主要集中在个人特征,认为“贫困文化”是个体主观意识不强或能力不足所致。同时,对“贫困文化”的认知在学界与公众之间出现趋同也说明,带有发展主义阶序关系的价值评判方式,已逐渐通过话语权力的影响,将“贫困文化”作为区域性的文化表征推向公众认知领域。这使后发展地区的人们成为“贫困文化”的指称对象,难以真正摆脱思想意识上的贫困。因此,学界话语有必要在了解不同地区文化传统的基础上,进一步厘清丰富“贫困文化”的基本内涵和表征,从而构建后发展地区经济与文化协调发展的良性关系。     

数字经济的减贫效应研究

利用中国2011-2018年省份数据,构建面板回归模型和多重中介模型探讨数字经济的减贫效应及影响机理.研究发现:数字经济与农村贫困发生率存在显著负向关系,在考虑城镇化、经济增长等影响贫困因素的基础上,减贫效应依旧显著;数字经济的收入增长效应和收入分配效应显著,即数字经济可通过促进家庭增收和弱化收入差距的渠道影响贫困,但数据资源配置不均带来的数字鸿沟可能会扩大城乡收入差距,加大相对贫困的治理难度.