后发展地区“贫困文化”话语：在学界与公众之间

以文献分析和扎根编码的方法，分析不同主体对“贫困文化”的理解，发现：部分研究运用“贫困文化”理论以解释经济或教育欠发达地区的文化表征，使得西方话语构建的“贫困文化”在国内学界话语中发生变形。“贫困文化”逐渐被构建成贫困地区文化的集体表征，即“贫困文化”的集体表征是具有区域性的，倾向于认同经济后发展地区带有这种文化特征；公众对“贫困文化”的理解则倾向于个体表征，即“贫困文化”的个体表征主要集中在个人特征，认为“贫困文化”是个体主观意识不强或能力不足所致。同时，对“贫困文化”的认知在学界与公众之间出现趋同也说明，带有发展主义阶序关系的价值评判方式，已逐渐通过话语权力的影响，将“贫困文化”作为区域性的文化表征推向公众认知领域。这使后发展地区的人们成为“贫困文化”的指称对象，难以真正摆脱思想意识上的贫困。因此，学界话语有必要在了解不同地区文化传统的基础上，进一步厘清丰富“贫困文化”的基本内涵和表征，从而构建后发展地区经济与文化协调发展的良性关系。

The Discourse of "Poverty Culture" in the Late-developed Areas:between the Academic Circles and the Public

With the methods of literature analysis and rooted coding,this paper analyzes the understanding of "poverty culture" by different subjects.It is found that some studies use the theory of "poverty culture" to explain the cultural representation of economically or educationally underdeveloped areas.This makes "poverty culture",constructed by western discourse,distorted in domestic academic discourse."Poverty culture" is gradually constructed as the collective cultural representation in the poverty-stricken areas,that is,the collective representation of the "poverty culture" is regional,and it is tended to believe that this cultural characteristic is popular in the late-developed areas.On the other hand,the public's understanding of "poverty culture" tends to be individual representation,that is,the individual representation of "poverty culture" is mainly focused on personal characteristics,and it is believed that "poverty culture" is caused by weak individual subjective consciousness or lack of ability.At the same time,the convergence of the cognition of "poverty culture" between the academic circles and the public also shows that the way of value evaluation with the order relationship of development has gradually passed the influence of discourse power,pushing "poverty culture" as a regional cultural representation to the field of public cognition,and making people in the late-developed areas become the reference object of "poverty culture" and difficult to get rid of ideological poverty.Therefore,it is necessary for academic discourse to further clarify and enrich the basic connotation and representation of "poverty culture" on the basis of understanding the cultural traditions of different regions,so as to construct a benign relationship between the coordinated development of economy and culture in the late-developed areas.