任务类型、任务难度对中国学习者语用标记语使用的影响——基于真实口语语料的调查分析

对抽样调查中的真实语料及英语为母语者的语料库对比分析表明:中国英语学习者在语用标记语的使用方面同母语者有很大的差别;任务类型、任务难度对语用标记语的使用有一定影响。研究结果表明:语用标记语的教授应该成为英语口语教学的重要内容。教师可通过选择认知负担适当的任务来操纵资源的分配,以最大可能地实现学生对于语用标记语的恰当使用和习得。     

邓小平发展观论纲

"发展是硬道理",是邓小平理论的核心,是马克思主义中国化的灵魂。发展决定社会主义的命运、发展是党执政兴国的第一要务、发展必须是可持续发展,这三个方面内涵明晰深刻,内在联系紧密,系统地构成了邓小平发展观。     

Testing the gender similarities hypothesis: differences in subjective task value and motivation to transfer training

ABSTRACT

Are female and male trainees similar or different in their reaction to training programmes, specifically regarding their subjective task value and motivation to transfer? According to the gender similarities hypothesis, women and men are alike on most psychological variables. However, according to research in organizational behaviour, female and male employees differ on certain aspects, such as their job satisfaction and work identity. To test these two views on gender similarities and differences in the context of human resource development and training evaluation, the present study examined the extent to which gender moderated reactions to training. Based on the expectancy-value theory of motivation and self-determination theory, a web-based questionnaire was used to measure six training reactions: intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, perceived relative cost, autonomous motivation to transfer, and controlled motivation to transfer. The results indicated that women and men differed in their ratings of attainment value but were similar for the remaining five reaction measures. These outcomes support the gender similarities hypothesis. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for modelling gender effects in HRD research and their practical significance for promoting training effectiveness and transfer of training.     

考虑实时预倒箱的出口箱堆场多场桥调度优化

在出口集装箱堆场的实际作业过程中，倒箱是制约场桥作业效率的瓶颈之一。为提高出口箱堆场的作业效能，减少船舶装船作业时间，采用实时预倒来降低倒箱的影响，研究出口箱堆场多场桥调度优化问题。考虑待提箱作业次序固定、场桥间保持安全距离及不可跨越的现实约束，兼顾内集卡的等待上限，侧重场桥作业过程中的实时预倒箱，构建了以带惩罚因子的内集卡总等待时间最少为目标的混合整数线性规划模型。基于问题自身的特点设计了混合和声模拟退火算法，得出了各场桥的行走路径与实时预倒箱方案。在算例实验中，通过与不考虑实时预倒箱的方案、FCFS方案以及下界进行对比，验证了考虑实时预倒箱的场桥调度模型及算法的有效性，为集装箱码头出口箱堆场的场桥调度提供参考。     

赛珍珠《大地》叙事空间的置遣谫论

赛珍珠的《大地》虽然是用传统叙事写法创作的小说,但仍带有明显的叙事空间化的倾向,体现了时空维度的统一。小说以王龙一家所居村庄为基点空间,同时又设置了附近的城镇和南方大城市两个外缘空间。三大空间都具有表征人物性格、助推情节发展和突显主题思想等多种功能。三大空间都蕴含着地理、社会、文化、心理等方面因素,都由场域、场景和场面三个层次构成,并都表现出实在性、主体性和能动性三大特征。深厚的生活积累和谙熟中国小说写法是作者得以充分发挥空间叙事的长处并圆满完成故事讲述宗旨的决定性前提。     

社区应急疏散动态协作调度优化研究

针对灾民数量和路网通行时间的动态性以及灾民疏散反应系数的随机性，本文提出了社区应急疏散协作调度优化流程，并以疏散灾民数量最大化和疏散成本最小化为目标，构建了社区应急疏散多种运输方式协作调度优化模型，并给出了求解该模型的改进多目标遗传算法。然后，论文使用Tansmodeler模拟社区应急疏散协作调度优化过程，加载疏散灾民动态需求和历史出行时间表，并对模型和算法进行验证。结果表明，该模型和算法可以在有效刻画疏散灾民数量和路网通行时间的基础上，为不同时刻的交通工具配置及疏散路径选取提供决策。     

On-Line Scheduling of Two-Machine Open Shops Where Jobs Arrive Over Time

We investigate the problem of on-line scheduling two-machine open shops with the objective of minimizing the makespan.Jobs arrive independently over time, and the existence of a job is not known until its arrival. In the clairvoyant on-line model, the processing requirement of every job becomes fully known at the arrival of the job, while inthe non-clairvoyant on-line model, this processing requirement is notknown until the job is processed and completed.In both models, scheduling of a job is irrevocable.We study the two-machine open shop problem for both models in the preemptive and in the non-preemptive version. For each of the four variants, we provide an algorithm that is best possible with respect to the worst-case performance. In the clairvoyant on-line model, the best worst-case performance ratios are 5/4 (preemptive) and 3/2 (non-preemptive), and in the non-clairvoyant on-line model, they are 3/2 (preemptive and non-preemptive).     

基于工作任务模型的岗位培训课程体系构建

针对岗位培训中“学用脱节”的突出问题,选取高级烟叶技术员、高级客户经理、高级专卖稽查员3个岗位,采用工作任务模型开展培训课程体系设计及课程开发。实证研 究结果表明,工作任务模型是一种有效的岗位培训课程体系设计与开发方法,据此建立的岗位课程体系对解决培训中“学用脱节”有较好的效果。     

差错管理文化对双元绩效的影响机理研究——基于组织认同的中介效应

员工在工作中会不可避免地产生差错,差错的消极影响往往会被放大,从而不利于员工绩效的提高。对安徽省企事业单位的样本数据分析显示:差错管理文化与员工双元绩效具有显著正相关关系;组织认同在差错管理文化与员工双元绩效的关系中存在部分中介效应,即差错管理文化能够直接对员工双元绩效产生影响,也可以通过组织认同来影响员工的任务绩效和周边绩效。管理者应当注重提高组织差错管理文化水平,营造良好的差错管理文化氛围,对员工差错给予更多的理解与包容,从而增强员工对组织的认同感,促进员工任务绩效和周边绩效的提升。