Distribution of Exposure Concentrations and Doses for Constituents of Environmental Tobacco Smoke

The ultimate goal of the research reported in this series of three articles is to derive distributions of doses of selected environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-related chemicals for nonsmoking workers. This analysis uses data from the 16-City Study collected with personal monitors over the course of one workday in workplaces where smoking occurred. In this article, we describe distributions of ETS chemical concentrations and the characteristics of those distributions (e.g., whether the distribution was log normal for a given constituent) for the workplace exposure. Next, we present population parameters relevant for estimating dose distributions and the methods used for estimating those dose distributions. Finally, we derive distributions of doses of selected ETS-related constituents obtained in the workplace for people in smoking work environments. Estimating dose distributions provided information beyond the usual point estimate of dose and showed that the preponderance of individuals exposed to ETS in the workplace were exposed at the low end of the dose distribution curve. The results of this analysis include estimations of hourly maxima and time-weighted average (TWA) doses of nicotine from workplace exposures to ETS (extrapolated from 1 day to 1 week) and doses derived from modeled lung burdens of ultraviolet-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM) and solanesol resulting from workplace exposures to ETS (extrapolated from 1 day to 1 year).     

Do Markets Favor Agents able to Make Accurate Predictions?

Blume and Easley (1992) show that if agents' have the same savings rule, those who maximize the expected logarithm of next period's outcomes will eventually hold all wealth (i.e. are ‘most prosperous’). However, if no agent adopts this rule then the most prosperous are not necessarily those who make the most accurate predictions. Thus, agents who make inaccurate predictions need not be driven out of the market. In this paper, it is shown that, among agents who have the same intertemporal discount factor (and who choose savings endogenously), the most prosperous are those who make accurate predictions. Hence, convergence to rational expectations obtains because agents who make inaccurate predictions are driven out of the market.     

论中印两国要素积累对服务贸易比较优势的影响

本文比较了中印两国服务贸易比较优势和贸易模式的差异,并在HO理论的基础上,就中印两国要素积累对服务贸易出口增长的影响作了时间序列分析,发现两国服务贸易比较优势的来源不同:前者来源于其丰裕的劳动力,而后者来源于人力资本。上述分析为中印两国服务贸易部门存在的比较优势差异提供了一个基于要素因素的解释,并得出人力资本的快速积累能够为一国增强现代服务贸易部门的比较优势提供有利条件的结论。     

构建“一体三桥”学习模式,探索素质培养途径

构建＂一体三桥＂学习模式目的是：探讨怎样把知识积累与能力培养过程视为一个整体,在这个过程中如何架设好基础课、专业基础课、专业理论课和专业实践课四大类课程之间＂三座桥梁＂,促进大学生知识与能力协调发展,培养高素质人才的有效途径。     

四川盆地嘉陵江组天然气藏的形成与演化研究

三叠统嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩是四川盆地内重要的产层之一。对嘉陵江组天然气组成和碳同位素特征的分析表明：嘉陵江组的天然气干燥系数大,热演化程度高,油型气和煤型气混源特征明显,但川中地区除外,主要为高熟油型气。经盆地区域构造活动和成藏要素分析,恢复了嘉陵江组天然气成藏过程,建立了川中、川东和川南地区典型构造带嘉陵江组天然气的成藏模式,发现嘉陵江组气藏均经历了古油藏—古气藏—现今气藏的漫长演化过程,与印支运动、燕山运动和喜马拉雅运动密切相关。四川盆地嘉陵江组天然气成藏遵循：高压驱动,流体跨层流动,断层裂缝疏导,膏盖油裂解气成藏的规律。     

非自由劳工与现代资本主义劳动关系的多样性

在马克思那里,资本主义生产方式的确立和发展,是以“双重自由的”雇佣工人的存在为基础的;并且,在从形式隶属到实际隶属、从绝对剩余价值生产到相对剩余价值生产的过渡,是作为资本主义发展的自然结果而出现的。一些当代马克思主义学者的研究则表明：资本积累与特定社会历史条件的互动。不仅会使绝对剩余价值生产和形式隶属长期延续下去,而且会重新创造出各种形态的非自由劳动关系,以维持资本的赢利能力。这些研究证实了资本主义发展的不平衡性,以及现代资本主义劳动关系的多样性和在特定条件下退化的可能性。     

农村教育公平问题全面表现的探讨

我国农村教育公平问题由来已久,不仅包括农村义务教育公平问题,也包括农村转移劳动力、农业劳动力、农民工子女和农村幼儿等不同特征农村群体的教育公平问题,主要体现在获得相应教育权利、机会和教育资源积累人力资本的限制性,以及人力资本作用发挥等方面的限制性上。     

Nonmedication Treatments for Adult ADHD: Evaluating Impact on Daily Functioning and Well-Being

Abstract

Professor J. Russell Ramsey has written a short book aimed at practicing mental health clinicians, describing various non-medication approaches to the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It includes a variety of strategies, some of which are validated and others of which are currently being developed but do not yet demonstrate effectiveness, alongside the documented effectiveness of medications for the treatment of core symptoms of ADHD, especially inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. He includes an up-to-date bibliography and critical evaluations of effectiveness for each treatment, especially functional outcomes. Given the high rate of postsecondary students with ADHD, the book should be helpful for college health professionals who are trying to assist such students.     

Differential Relationships Between Religiosity,Cigarette Smoking,and Waterpipe Use: Implications for College Student Health

Abstract

Objective: Using a framework informed by problem behavior theory, ¹ Jessor, R and Jessor, S. 1977. Problem Behavior and Psychosocial Development: A Longitudinal Study of Youth, New York, NY: Academic Press.  [Google Scholar] the authors examined differential relationships between religiosity and the frequency of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking. Participants: Six hundred fourteen individuals beginning their freshman year at a large, public, midwestern university. Methods: Paper-and-pencil surveys were administered to students who attended freshman orientation. Electronic surveys were sent to students who did not attend orientation. Results: Although a latent, generalized religiosity factor was negatively associated with frequency of cigarette smoking, there was no such relationship for frequency of waterpipe use. Conclusions: Conceptualizing waterpipe tobacco smoking in terms of problem behavior theory may be inappropriate, given its lack of association with religiosity. These results may reflect the perception that waterpipe use is a more socially acceptable form of tobacco use that is less harmful to health than cigarette smoking, despite medical evidence to the contrary. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.