Quality Provision with Heterogeneous Consumer Reservation Utilities

This study examines a firm's quality and price decisions when consumers differ not only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality but also in their reservation utility for the basic product. We find that while the firm offers lower‐quality products when consumers' valuations for quality deteriorate, the optimal quality may increase with a negative shift in consumers' reservation utilities. We also investigate the optimal price and quality of the products within a vertically differentiated product line when the number of products is exogenously given. The existing literature shows that when consumers differ only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality, the firm sets the efficient quality for consumers with the highest valuation for quality, whereas the concern for cannibalization pushes down the quality of inferior products. We find that when consumers are heterogeneous in both their reservation utility and valuation for quality, the concern for cannibalization may distort the quality upwards, even for consumers with the highest willingness‐to‐pay for quality. In addition, a low‐quality product may enjoy a higher profit margin than a high‐quality product within the product line.     

城乡中小学生语言生活差异调查研究--以湖南永州为例

永州地处湘南,经济不发达,外来人口不多,居民普通话水平普遍不高。当地城乡中小学生的语码选择和语言态度表现出一定的差异：城市学生日常语码选择以普通话为主,农村学生则以方言为主;虽然城乡学生在不同的场合中语码选择变化趋势类似,但农村学生选择普通话交际的比例明显低于城市学生;农村学生的普通话水平不高,但他们对普通话的各方面评价都高于方言。造成这种差异的原因是由于城乡学生的家庭语言环境、学校语言环境以及平时的生活环境不同。     

高速铁路对城市人才吸引力的影响分析

随着知识经济时代的到来,吸引人才、留住人才并利用人才,是提升区域影响力、促进区域健康快速发展的重要途径和基本保证。高速铁路降低了沿线地区的运输成本,通过时空压缩、促进要素流动和集聚,提升了沿线城市的人才吸引力。基于“有无对比”的思想,利用因子分析法对武广高速铁路沿线站点城市人才吸引力进行测试。结果证实,“有”高速铁路情形下城市人才吸引力明显高于“无”高速铁路的情形,武汉市是三类城市中从高铁获益最大的城市,其次是株洲,再次是广州。     

Child welfare clients and school satisfaction

Despite long-standing knowledge about child welfare clients' poor educational outcomes, we know less about these vulnerable young people's situation in school. This article addresses school satisfaction among upper secondary students who have been in contact with the child welfare services. These child welfare clients' school satisfaction is compared with their peers' satisfaction. The results from a survey indicated that the majority of child welfare clients were satisfied with school but that they were less satisfied with school than were their peers. The results showed that the association between school satisfaction and positive school experiences explains a large part of this difference. Among students who reported they were doing well in school, had supportive teachers and friends at school, the difference in school satisfaction between child welfare clients and others was small. Among students who did not report similar positive experiences in school, difference in school satisfaction between child welfare clients and their peers was more substantial. These results show that school can be a good place for child welfare clients, but that facilitating support from teachers, increasing opportunities for making friends at school, and working to develop the child welfare clients' academic performances are important as efforts to improve school satisfaction.     

From cultural knowledge to intercultural communicative competence: changing perspectives on the role of culture in foreign language teaching

Approaches to the concept of culture and teaching cultural competence in a foreign language classroom have been changing over the last decades. The paper summarises, compares, contrasts and evaluates four major approaches to teaching cultural competence in foreign language teaching, that is, knowledge-based approach, contrastive approach, Communicative Language Teaching and intercultural communicative competence approach.     

Intra‐ and Inter‐generational Perspectives on Youth Participation in Sweden: A Study with Young People as Research Partners

In this study, intra‐ and inter‐generational perspectives on youth participation are combined and compared. Young people were invited to participate as research partners in an interactive research circle and conducted a survey about participation with other young people as respondents. The discussion concerns how an interactive methodology contributes to the understanding of the concept of participation. It is suggested that political definitions of participation be amended to include having a sense of being recognised in a communicative context, taking responsibility and share with other people one's experiences. This is based on the perspectives of young people.     

海域使用权抵押融资的机制困境与对策--基于浙江省舟山市的调查

随着国家对海洋资源开发利用程度逐步提升,海域作为海洋空间资源的重要组成部分,其经济利用价值已日益显现,海域使用权抵押融资业务相伴而生。但多年来,受诸多因素制约,沿海省份利用海域使用权抵押融资仍然遇到不少困难,不利于海洋经济健康发展。本文基于浙江省舟山市范围内海域使用权贷款基本情况的调查,认为在业务准入等方面存在一定的问题,需要在完善相关制度、构建协调机制、培育流转体系等形成措施。     

投射偏差视角下的服务类品牌消费--以农村信息消费支付意愿为例

现将投射偏差模型框架引入服务类耐用品消费者均衡中,从理论上阐述投射偏差如何会导致消费者在服务类商品消费时无法达到效用最大化。研究采用实验和实地调研的方法,一共有251名人员参与了实验与调研,分析上网体验对于未来一年宽带的支付意愿影响。研究结果发现,人们在体验上网前后对于信息的认知状态有显著差异,没有上过网的人会基于当前的认知状态而低估未来一年宽带的效用,其支付意愿明显低于上过网的人,投射偏差在服务类耐用品的消费均衡中发挥了重要作用。     

传统与现代性法治的纠结与整合 ——兼及法治思维的实践转向

传统不是历史的文本,而是从过去发展到今天依然在控制着人们的思维方式和行为方式的实践元素。现代性法治的谋划存在于一个包含着重要传统元素的实践语境中,传统元素中的精华与糟粕都是现代性法治谋划不可逃离的文化语境。传统在现代性法治追寻中发生作用的方式是多种多样的,在传统与现代性法治的较量与博弈中,双方较量的结果并不是先定的,而是由实践中多种元素的交互作用所决定的。正是在对传统与现代性法治纠结与整合的考量中,法治思维实践转向的意义获得了明确的阐释。实践论的法治思维不仅体现了辩证法的实践智慧,同时强调了偶然性及事件思维在法治实践中的重要价值,这是架构中国法治实践学派法治理论的重要维度。     

知天以知人:道家哲学的生态智慧启示录

道家哲学挺立于号称"轴心时代"的春秋战国,《老子》的"道",以对"天"的理性认知,率先宣告了上帝世界的倒塌。"道",作为照亮中国哲学王国的第一抹阳光,以其生成的、联系的、复杂的宇宙观和对立统一的辩证法,为人与自然的关系处理以及人在自然中的生存提供了科学的理论依循。从"道"这一宇宙自然的总规律出发,《老子》为人类提出了"无为而为"、"知常曰明"、"知止不殆"和"知不知上"的思维和行为警示:人类必须遵循自然法则才能有所作为,而自然的循环性、资源的有限性以及人类在复杂、联系的宇宙自然面前的无知性,则全部都是自然法则的具体展现。人类对自然的索取和改造都必须建立在对这些法则认知和遵循的基础之上,才有可能是成功的和可持续的。《老子》"无为"、"知常"、"知止"与"无知"论,作为古老的东方智慧,尤其对于近代西方自然科学发展以来在自然面前膨胀起了征服欲的人类而言,是一种回归理性和科学的哲学矫正。