世界视野中的求子习俗

求子习俗在世界上很普遍,可以分为四种类型。妇女们用求子习俗来否定现实生活中成年男子的生殖能力,但多生多育又是男子们创造能力的最基本的表现形式。子女是多种观念的象征,也是人们延续家族和个人历史的重要手段。     

Forging the links: (de)constructing chains of behaviours

This paper will discuss an article by Becker and French (2005) in this Journal which proposed the general acceptance of correlations or the ‘links’ between child abuse, animal abuse and domestic violence. Becker and French claim this topic has ‘seen a growth of interest’ (p. 399) over the past two decades and they suggest that organizations across the UK should ‘institutionalize the “links” within policy and practice’ (p. 410). In this paper we question the appropriateness of linking different forms of violence in such a mechanistic and predictive way by drawing on and extending arguments we have made elsewhere. We consider the proposed ‘links’ in terms of assumptions, de?nitions, methods and logic, and raise concerns for a prospective practice which is based on retrospective (and ?awed) research. We aim to appeal to in?uential doubters (social workers, child care workers, animal welfare workers, vets, educators and policy‐makers) in a language of ‘reason’, and we propose that the identi?ed reluctance of professionals in the UK to adopt the rhetoric of ‘links’ can be viewed as an informed and re?ective response. Throughout, we offer a corrective commentary to the ?awed assumptions of the ‘links’ argument and seek to encourage others to remain sceptical about these claims and the suggested implications for practice. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chinese Children's Changing Family and School Environments

As a result of modernization, major changes are taking place in children's social relationships. Children are beginning to view their parents more as friends and colleagues rather than powerful authority figures. Parents are realizing that their children face a new, uncharted future and are more inclined to consider their children's point of view. The generation gap is viewed as evidence of social progress. Children and parents are growing into the future together. Increased pressure from economic development results in increasing demands on the educational system. Private schools, some of which are very costly, are on the rise. The entire educational system, including laws governing schools, student-teacher relations, and expectations about goals for educational quality are being revised.     

How American Children Spend Their Time

The purpose of this article is to examine how American children under age 13 spend their time, sources of variation in time use, and associations with achievement and behavior. Data come from the 1997 Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results suggest that parents' characteristics and decisions regarding marriage, family size, and employment affect the time children spend in educational, structured, and family activities, which may affect their school achievement. Learning activities such as reading for pleasure are associated with higher achievement, as is structured time spent playing sports and in social activities. Family time spent at meals and time spent sleeping are linked to fewer behavior problems, as measured by the child's score on the Behavior Problems Index. The results support common language and myth about the optimal use of time for child development.     

试析伽达默尔《真理与方法》中的“传统”理论

介绍并评析了伽达默尔《真理与方法》中的“传统”理论。“传统”是伽达默尔诠释学中的一个重要的概念。伽达默尔针以地自艺复兴以来崇尚理性和否定权威、传统的现象、重新诠释了“传统”、“权威”;通过对理性与传统的关系,前见的合法性,理解的历史性等的分析。在“理性法庭”的废墟上营建了新的“传统”的理论。     

论作为具体概念的"三个代表"

江泽民同志提出的"三个代表"重要思想,是认识不断深化的产物,是处于辩证体系中的概念,是取得了理想形态的概念.反映具体性思维的"三个代表",必将对新时期邓小平理论新的阐述和新的发展作出自己独特的理论贡献.     

对行政诉讼举证责任的再认识

举证责任的内涵不仅包括客观说服责任,即败诉风险责任而且包括主观推进责任,它的内涵界定不应是单一的,而应是双重的.它是我国举证责任制度建立的基础,关于举证责任的分配原则与民事诉讼举证责任的分配原则表面上是对立的、倒置的,但实质上是一致的,"谁主张,谁举证"这一基本论理,在行政诉讼领域同样适用.     

皮亚杰对儿童语言发展研究的贡献 --兼论《儿童语言与思维》的历史地位

从皮亚杰<儿童语言与思维>(1923)发表以来,他的"儿童语言"思想对儿童语言发展研究产生了重大影响.特别是在儿童语言实验的"临床法"、儿童间交流、语言起源的个体发生学探索方面,皮亚杰对儿童语言发展研究的贡献尤其突出.皮亚杰语言理论对我们今天的儿童语言发展研究仍具有指导和启发意义.     

论中国现当代儿童文学中的儿童观

中国现当代儿童文学发展之初的儿童观呈现为“儿童本位”的特点。从２０ 世纪３０ 年代开始, 以成人为中心的“儿童教育观”成为主流并一直持续到新时期。在处于文化转型期的２０世纪八、九十年代, “儿童教育观”中以成人为中心的一元价值观逐渐消解, 儿童作为个体生命现象, 其主体地位开始回归。本文在考察中国现当代儿童文学儿童观的理论发展的基础上, 提出在成人与儿童的两极世界中, 一种双主体规律的实现将是建立新型的当代儿童文学儿童观的途径     

体“道”——庄子的整体直觉审美方式浅析

从“道”的特点出发 ,论述了庄子之所以推崇“体道”这种以整体直觉为主要特征的审美方式的原因 ,并从体道的基本条件、体道的具体方式等方面阐明只有通过这种超片面经验感性和超有限理性的整体直觉的认知方式才能达到物我两忘 ,天人合一的最高审美境界