基于大学教育与失业预警机制的大学生就业应对措施探讨

针对大学生就业问题,在国内外研究基础上,论述了大学教育、大学生就业以及大学生失业预警系统的理论与措施,探讨了解决大学生普及教育与就业下滑反差矛盾的初步举措,以及天津市高校面对大学生就业问题应采取的相应方法。     

关于完善我国失业保险制度若干问题的探讨

我国失业保险制度的最初制定与实施是从国有经济改革需要出发的,随着国企改革的不断深入、市场经济体制的建立和WTO的加入,该制度的缺陷已日益明显。这主要表现为：覆盖面窄,规模小;基金来源单一;保障功能弱等等。这些弊端制约了失业保险制度价值功能的发挥,我们必须在这些方面对该制度予以完善。     

知识经济对我国就业的影响

知识经济的兴起,促进经济全球化,推动国际分工的发展,带动产业结构的调整与升级。知识经济的发展,一方面,增加我国就业的难度,另一方面,会开辟新的就业领域,提供新的就业岗位,但与我国存在的大量劳动力供给相比,无法满足需要。为此,必然采取切实可行的措施,解决失业问题。     

人工智能到底存在什么风险：一种类型学的划分

当前人类社会正在展开以人工智能技术为核心标志的第四次工业革命，人工智能在赋能人类达致美好生活方面充满光明的前景，但是也潜藏不少可能抵消其赋能功效的风险。不同于早期人们偏重于对人工智能的乐观想象，近年来人工智能的风险话语逐渐显现并扩散乃至走向失序。类型化是解决人工智能风险话语失序问题的有效尝试。基于主体维度和时限维度可以将人工智能风险划分为四大类型：国家主体在短期时限内面临的失业风险、国家主体在长期时限内面临的消权风险、社会主体在短期时限内面临的隐私风险、社会主体在长期时限内面临的意义风险。     

Personal financial situation during unemployment and mental health

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the personal financial situation during unemployment and the connection between financial situation and mental health in a sample ( n =213) of unemployed Norwegians. The results indicate that the unemployed suffered high financial deprivation compared with their own subjective standards, their situation when working, their neighbors and friends, and the average population. However, the unemployed did not constitute a homogeneous group in financial terms. In particular, the young unemployed experienced substantial financial problems. Among men, the reduction in income, few leisure facilities and many financial adjustments were closely related to mental health problems. Women who experienced that their income was substantially reduced compared with that of neighbors and friends and women who had carried out many financial adjustments were in poorer mental health than the other women in the sample. The findings are discussed in relation to relevant aspects of the life situation of the unemployed and other research results.     

试析辽宁个体、私营工业企业就业潜力

实现振兴辽宁老工业基地重大而紧迫的任务就是就业与再就业。发展是扩大就业与再就业的根本出路。个体、私营工业企业具有独特的就业特点及优势,发展空间广阔。     

关于我国的结构性失业分析与治理

本文分析了结构性失业的原因 ,论证了在摩擦失业、结构失业和总量失业中 ,结构失业是我国当前的主要矛盾 ,并提出了相应的治理对策     

A communicative planning approach to combat graduate unemployment in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This paper introduces and critically reviews the Saudi education and unemployment situation. It sets out the specialized nature of issues regarding education and unemployment which are seldom found in other countries. The governmental efforts and subsequent results in the employment sectors are investigated to illustrate the reasons behind prevailing and expected future graduate unemployment. In addition, this paper proposes the application of a combination of a rational planning model and the concept of communicative rationality in solving the problem of graduate unemployment in Saudi Arabia. It asserts the need for comprehensive data on the nature and magnitude of unemployment, and adequate consultation with all the stakeholders including the private sector. A brief survey conducted among the graduates of King Fahd University of Petroleum &; Minerals (KFUPM) reveals that, while they are competent and easily absorbed into the market, the scenario is not the same for other educational institutions. Similar studies for other educational institutions will facilitate an understanding of the extent of coordination with the job market. A study is being conducted to enhance the creation of a link between the market demand for educational programs and programs offered by educational institutes.     

Mortality inequality in two native population groups

A sample of people aged 40–67 years, taken from a longitudinal register compiled by Statistics Finland, is used to analyse mortality differences between Swedish speakers and Finnish speakers in Finland. Finnish speakers are known to have higher death rates than Swedish speakers. The purpose is to explore whether labour-market experience and partnership status, treated as proxies for measures of variation in health-related characteristics, are related to the mortality differential. Persons who are single, disability pensioners, and those having experienced unemployment are found to have substantially higher death rates than those with a partner and employed persons. Swedish speakers have a more favourable distribution on both variables, which thus notably helps to reduce the Finnish–Swedish mortality gradient. A conclusion from this study is that future analyses on the topic should focus on mechanisms that bring a greater proportion of Finnish speakers into the groups with poor health or supposed unhealthy behaviour.