论动因竞争对语序自由度的影响——以Hawkins长度顺序和可移动原则为例

流行于语言学教科书中的一个观点是:语序的自由度跟形态丰富程度成正比。这种观点有很大的局限。引入类型学“动因竞争”这个概念来讨论Hawkins提出的影响名词短语修饰语语序的“可移动原则”和“长度顺序原则”,可以得出结论:语序动因的运用程度是影响语序自由度的重要因素,只是该因素长期被忽视了,而“语序动因运用规律”则可说明此问题。     

Social Change and Social Policy in Japan

This paper aims to present and discuss social change and social policy in Japan after the mid-20th century from a sociological viewpoint. Japanese social change and social policy from the mid-20th century onward can be categorized into three models in chronological order: escape from mass poverty by means of industrialization, improvement of the social security system to establish a welfare state, and parallel progress of aspiration for a welfare society and workfare. Defined concretely, these are (1) the period that established and improved social security, which started immediately after the end of World War II and ended in 1973, when Japan began to suffer from low growth after enjoying high growth; (2) the period in which finance for social security was adjusted, halfway through which the country experienced a bubble economy; and (3) the period after the 1990s, in which the structural reform of social security went hand-in-hand with labor policy and the advent of globalization. In each of the three periods, the direction of social policy was affected by factors that caused changes in such areas as industrial structure (the decline of agriculture), demographic structure (an aging society), and family structure and work pattern (the growing trend of nuclear families, single-person households, and irregular employment). In Japan, life security now attracts increasing attention, and employment security rather than social security has been the central issue. As it is greatly affected by globalization, employment security grows less conspicuous and makes the vulnerability of social security grow more conspicuous. Social policy has the potential to become an area with which to struggle for national integration and fissures between social groups.     

《联合国海洋法公约》对海盗罪规定的超普遍管辖权研究

《联合国海洋法公约》对海盗罪规定了超普遍管辖权。这种管辖权明显区别于普遍管辖权,对于打击海盗罪非常便捷、有力。但是,如果对行使地域不加限制,就会严重侵犯国家主权。因此公约严格将海盗罪的行为地限制在公海或任何国家管辖范围之外的地方。这种限制是非常合理的。对于不在限制地域发生的海盗行为,不能行使超普遍管辖权,而只能行使其他管辖权。     

公共政策价值的政治学分析

公共政策是政府为解决公共问题，对政府目标、手段的选择及其相互转换的过程，即利益调整的政治和技术过程。价值是主客体关系中表现出来的客体之于主体的意义和效用。就公共政策的价值而言，赋予公共政策利益优先的价值取向，在利益优先的前提下，选择、分配利益、综合和落实利益，最终达到平衡利益，解决公众问题。以利益为基础的公共政策价值分析无疑揭示了公共政策的本质，也为公共政策价值判断建立了一个客观参照系，为政府行为的良性循环引领方向。     

清末学制转轨中的蒙学教育及其发展

清末随民族危机加剧、国民观念的引入，普及教育、义务教育成为教育要旨。“蒙学”教育随即由传统的“父兄谋之”转向由国家操持，传统蒙学课业及训蒙方式亦受到否定。随外来学制的引入，清朝试图调节既有学制与新式学制对接，在对传统蒙学的处理上，游移于中西之间，态度数次更易，经历了较为曲折的发展过程。     

从普遍经济到普遍历史——论巴塔耶普遍经济学视野中的世界历史形态

巴塔耶一直试图从自己的普遍经济学的理论出发,建构出一套世界的普遍历史.本文首先对巴塔耶普遍经济学的含义和法则进行了解读,然后对其在此背景下所描述的各种社会形态进行了分析,从而概括了他所建立的普遍历史的形态.     

企业环境管理动因分析

针对企业环境管理问题,采用定性分析和定量分析结合的方法,分析了环境管理的目标和环境管理动因,指出环境管理目标取决于企业的目标,企业环境管理的动因主要是利益驱动和社会责任。环境管理利益驱动目标和社会责任目标在许多方面是一致的,对于不一致地方,可以通过法律调节的同时,要求企业勇于承担社会责任。研究结果对企业环境管理有指导意义。     

Catastrophe Risk Models for Evaluating Disaster Risk Reduction Investments in Developing Countries

Major natural disasters in recent years have had high human and economic costs, and triggered record high postdisaster relief from governments and international donors. Given the current economic situation worldwide, selecting the most effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures is critical. This is especially the case for low‐ and middle‐income countries, which have suffered disproportionally more economic and human losses from disasters. This article discusses a methodology that makes use of advanced probabilistic catastrophe models to estimate benefits of DRR measures. We apply such newly developed models to generate estimates for hurricane risk on residential structures on the island of St. Lucia, and earthquake risk on residential structures in Istanbul, Turkey, as two illustrative case studies. The costs and economic benefits for selected risk reduction measures are estimated taking account of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. We conclude by emphasizing the advantages and challenges of catastrophe model‐based cost‐benefit analyses for DRR in developing countries.     

论民商法原则对企业立法的规制

文章探讨了民商法原则对企业立法的规制.企业作为独立市场主体资格具有正常的行为方式,企业的行为必须是自益行为、自主行为和与企业组织形式相应的行为,国家管理不能取代社会调节功能,民事责任对于企业行为规制的基础性作用不容忽视.     

人才供应链培养模式下高职个人投资、收益与风险防范研究

在人才供应链下培养模式下，作为“原材料”的高中生越来越重视高职教育的投资与收益问题，本文通过分析高职教育个人投资与收益，从个人、高职院校、企业和政府四个方面提出了防范高职教育的个人投资风险。