地理教育的现状与改革的思考

高考文科取消地理科目后，中学地理教育及高师地理教育均受到冲击，但地理科学的特殊地位决定了它是不可能被取代的．地理科学的发展应在应用方面找出路，并不断深化地理教育改革．     

转换生成语言学“普遍语法”的哲学渊源和语言观

关于对人的"心智"的研究,从古希腊的一些哲学家、中世纪经院学派的语法学家,到近代的理性主义语言学派,都有过这方面的论述.在当代,持这种观点的学派无疑是乔姆斯基首创的转换生成语言学派.乔姆斯基发挥了笛卡尔关于"固有结构"的思想以及洪堡特关于"语言能力"的观点,重新提出了研究语言普遍现象的问题.生成语法不局限于对个别语言的研究,而是要揭示个别语法与普遍语法的统一性.换句话说,它不是以具体语言的描写为归宿,而是以具体语言为出发点,探索出语言的普遍规律,最终弄清楚人的认知系统、思维规律和本质属性.     

关于"更好地理解"——以施莱尔马赫和伽达默尔为中心

施莱尔马赫提出解释学的任务是与文本的作者一样好甚至比他更好地理解他的话语。为此他主张通过"重构"使解释者与原作者处于同一层次,从而把握作者无意识保留的东西。伽达默尔认为理解总是相互理解。他以解释学的处境、视域的融合阐明了解释者对文本的理解问题,提出与其说更好地理解,不如说不同理解。然而,既然在视域的融合中,解释者的视域起决定性作用,那一切理解也就是当代理解。     

理性重构和“法治“与“德治“的有机结合

西方理性是关注超验世界的普遍理性,它为人们提供一个严密逻辑的世界观.逻辑使法律的外在手段成为社会治理的主要形式.但建立在普遍逻辑基础上的道德是绝对的道德,人们无法用它去规范社会行动.中国传统理性是关注经验世界的经验价值理性,不关注普遍逻辑 .没有建立起逻辑,法律的外在手段难以实现.它是多样的、相对的,建立起了能较好地用于规范社会行动的经验的多层次的道德.要实现"法治"和"德治"的结合,必须重构理性.重构的理性必须是多样性和普遍性、价值和真理相统一的理性.在马克思的实践观基础上能建构起这一理性即"实践的理性"."实践的理性"具有双重品格,能实现"法治"和"德治"的结合.     

Book Reviews

This article examines some difficulties associated with the Haynes–Stone model and attempts to clarify how the model can be justified as representing the hypothesis that “quantity is demand determined and price is supply determined.” It also argues that the applications of such a model as was done by Haynes and Stone might not have resolved the controversies related to the Phillips curve and the supply function of exports (or imports).     

Correlates of perceived effectiveness of the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative

A three-level growth-curve model was applied to estimate perceived impact growth trajectories, using multi-year data from project and school surveys on outcome and program implementation collected from 59 sites and approximately 1165 participating schools in the Safe Schools and Healthy Students Initiative. Primary interest is to determine whether and how project-level and school-level correlates affect schools’ perceptions of the Initiative's effectiveness over time when the effects of the pre-grant environmental conditions, grant operations, and near-term outcomes are considered. Coordination and service integration, comprehensive programs and activities for early childhood development, and change in school involvement were found to be significant predictors of school-perceived overall impact when the effect of poverty was considered. Partnership functioning, perceived importance of school resources, and school involvement were found to be significant predictors of school-perceived impact on substance use prevention when the effect of poverty was considered.     

Designing a multiple state repetitive group sampling plan based on the coefficient of variation

A multiple state repetitive group sampling (MSRGS) plan is developed on the basis of the coefficient of variation (CV) of the quality characteristic which follows a normal distribution with unknown mean and variance. The optimal plan parameters of the proposed plan are solved by a nonlinear optimization model, which satisfies the given producer's risk and consumer's risk at the same time and minimizes the average sample number required for inspection. The advantages of the proposed MSRGS plan over the existing sampling plans are discussed. Finally an example is given to illustrate the proposed plan.     

论代理契约中决策方案的设计与选择

本文论述了以博奕关系简化复杂的代理关系,用必然等值评估代理人的优先选择曲线,根据代理人优先选择曲线的类型,分析代理人的风险态度,据以设计相应的激励方案的方法与过程.     

摆动滚子从动件圆柱凸轮解析设计式的推导

本文较为全面系统地推导了摆动滚子从动件圆柱凸轮的廓线、压力角及廓线曲率半径方程,并讨论了该种凸轮机构在各种运转情况下与之相适用的方程。这些方程可用于凸轮廓线的计算机辅助设计。     

基于环境学习曲线的山东省SO2排放及节能减排潜力分析

基于1981—2006年的数据对山东省SO2排放的规律进行研究，得到山东省SO2排放的环境学习曲线。应用这一曲线，定量分析山东省17个地级市减少SO2排放的潜力，并结合2006年各市的万元GDP能耗情况，对它们的节能减排潜力进行综合评价。