Towards ‘New Emotional Movements’? A Comparative Exploration into a Specific Movement Type

In this article we broaden the scope of earlier research that established a theoretical specificity for the Belgian ‘White March’ and ‘White Movement’, by comparing them to three similar movements and mobilizations that were also triggered by random violence. The comparisons suggest that we are dealing with a new type of social movement and mobilization, preliminarily referred to as ‘new emotional movements’. The three other cases under study are the ‘Snowdrop Campaign’ in the UK, the ‘Million Mom March’ in the US and the ‘Movement against Senseless Violence’ in the Netherlands. Four important features seem to characterize all cases: the central role of emotions and victimization in the mobilization and development of the movement; broad elite support; organizational weakness; and extensive media support. We distinguish two sub-types of new emotional movements: (1) an instrumental variant with clear-cut aims and demands; and (2) an identity variant with displays of solidarity and compassion as the main constitutive elements. In both cases the initiators lack prior organizational experience and the absence of mobilizing organizations is compensated for by mass media support. In the instrumental sub-type neither the victims nor their relatives take the initiative but lend support and give approval to amateur entrepreneurs. The main mobilizing emotion appears to be fear about the possibility of personal suffering, and this emotion is reflected in the formulation of clear-cut demands for the future prevention of similar events. This instrumentality results in elite support being considerably broad, yet partisan. In contrast, the victims themselves take the initiative in the identity variant, causing the movement to remain more or less without specific demands but ensuring a broad support that is not bounded by party lines.     

论刑事未成年被害人救济体系的建构

刑事未成年被害人遭受不法侵害后,往往得不到有效的赔偿,其合法权益难以得到有效维护。为了解决这一问题,许多国家对此都作出了努力,构建了多元化、系统化的救济模式。致力于建构和谐社会的中国,也应顺应这一潮流,根据我国法制现状,构建以被告人的赔偿为基础,国家补偿、司法救助和法律援助并行发展的多元化的被害人救济机制。     

中小企业报表附注披露问题分析

针对中小企业财务报表附注披露问题,采用理论归纳结合调查分析的方法,分析了中小企业财务报表附注披露存在的主要问题,指出其原因在于缺乏完善的财务制度、会计基础工作薄弱和监控不力等,提出丰富会计基本理论、制定附注披露准则等建议。研究结果对促进财务报表的附注披露有指导意义。     

从言语行为理论看中日天气预报用语的差异

言语行为理论认为人们说话的同时就是在实施某种行为,包括直接言语行为和间接言语行为。作为言语行为的天气预报,传递的多是推断性信息,但其表层结构却并非一定是推断性的。通过对中日两国天气预报用语的比较分析可以发现,日本的天气预报用语多是以＂推断（reckon）＂表＂推断＂的直接言语行为,而我国的用语里则存在大量用＂陈述（state）＂表＂推断＂的间接言语行为。这种差异主要是由日语和汉语的语言使用特点决定的。     

论侦查阶段中的三方利益

利益基于需要而产生,刑事诉讼中的需要是一种角色需要。侦查机关、犯罪嫌疑人及被害人在侦查阶段的角色需要不同,由此导致利益追求的不同。侦查阶段中的三方是兼顾型、协调型和附加条件的对立或和解型利益关系。     

理论刑法向经验刑法的迈进——刑事和解视野下被害人地位的补足

在“国家-犯罪人”二元模式下,刑事和解提供提升和补足被害人地位的契机,被害人也应从幕后走向台前。刑事和解不应局限于侵犯个人法益的犯罪,侵犯公共法益的犯罪也具有刑事和解的正当性和必要性。同时,树立赔偿的惩罚机能和赎罪性质对于正确看待“以钱买刑”具有重要意义。刑事和解对于刑法理论的最大贡献在于从经验中推动刑法的迈进,纯理论的思辨刑法必将成为历史,未来的刑法将是充满活力的经验刑法。由经验到规范,实践经验与刑法规范的互动牵引着刑法的发展。     

论提单记载事项的效力

提单是重要的航运单证。实践中经常出现托运人为了结汇需要,在出具保函的条件下,要求承运人按其要求填写记载事项,此时就会出现提单的记载事项与实际情况不符的矛盾而引起争议。对提单记载事项的文义性与要式性、证据效力、提单正面记载事项与背面条款冲突时效力的认定以及与舱单记载的关系等进行研究。     

Family Characteristics and Traumatic Consequences Associated with the Duration and Frequency of Sexual Assault

The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between family characteristics and the trauma associated with the duration and frequency of sexual assault on child survivors in the state of Sabah, Malaysia. Eighty children who reported sexual assault through a one stop crisis centre in an urban hospital were studied. The main research instrument used was adapted from the trauma symptoms checklist for children. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between the symptoms of trauma of victims according to the frequency of sexual assault, but not according to its duration. Social workers need both to understand and to take note of the relationship of the variables of family characteristics, frequency of sexual assault and trauma effects on the victims in their intervention work with child sexual assault survivors who report having been abused. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of providing crisis intervention by social workers in Malaysia for child victims of sexual assault.     

作为规则体系的法律的效力——对哈特法律效力观的解读

哈特认为,承认规则提供了人们确认法律制度中的其他一切规则的权威性标准。法律效力就是人们关于承认规则的使用的一种内在陈述,它体现了人们对于承认规则的接受。法律的效力问题是一个法律制度的内部问题。它最终取决于承认规则,而非道德。但在法律的效力标准中,哈特承认价值的存在。这是一种实证主义的法律效力观,它根源于哈特采取的道德中立的描述性法律理论视角。     

Differential perceptions of a hypothetical sexual assault survivor based on race and ethnicity: Exploring victim responsibility,trauma, and need for social support

Objective: Explore the ways in which a sample of college women interpret racially/ethnically coded vignettes to understand their perceptions of responsibility and trauma experienced by a hypothetical female sexual assault survivor and her need for social support. Participants: Convenience sample of college women (N?=?51) attending a large, predominately white university in the Southeastern United States recruited between January and March 2013. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned one of three vignettes describing a hypothetical date rape scenario. Vignette scenarios were identical except for discrete statements coded to signify either an African American, Latina, or white female student. Participants responded to open-ended questions that gauged their interpretations of responsibility, trauma, and social support. Results: Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses revealed six overarching themes, including overt victim blaming/shaming, justification of the sexual assault, and perceived need for social support. Conclusions: Findings point to the significance of including race in discussions about and programs that address sexual assault on college campuses to ensure that all women who experience sexual violence receive the support that they need.