湖南省性别工资差异及其影响因素研究——基于家务劳动时间的视角

通过建立理论模型,并用2014年湖南省5县区20个城乡社区的调查数据,从家务劳动时间的视角分析湖南劳动力市场的性别工资差异及其影响因素。结果发现,家务劳动时间是影响湖南劳动力市场性别工资差异的重要因素,同时其他影响因素还有月工资收入、受教育程度、行业等,但职务职称对性别工资差异的影响存在不确定性。因此,政府应大力发展家庭服务业,建立健全覆盖城乡的家庭服务体系,基本满足家庭的服务需求,使女性从家务劳动中解脱出来,同时应通过政策倾斜确保女性培训比例,增强就业竞争实力;规范劳动合同,维护私有及民营企业女性从业者在劳动就业、社会保障等方面的合法权益。     

工资与劳动生产率的关联:模式与解释

在对工资和劳动生产率之间的理论关系以及可能的影响因素进行梳理的基础上,利用国家统计局1998—2007年间对国有及规模以上非国有制造业企业的调查数据,对中国制造业企业工资与劳动生产率现状、两者之间的关联以及可能的影响因素进行分析。可以发现,1990年代末以来,中国制造业企业的劳动生产率都在较大程度上高于其工资水平,并且两者之间的差距有随时间扩大的趋势,而劳动生产率与工资之间的正相关性则有所下降。企业的所有制结构对于企业劳动生产率和工资之间的关联有着显著的影响,而企业的规模、劳均固定资本存量,以及参与国际贸易的程度也是较为重要的影响因素。     

对个人养老金账户中除数取值的分析

从我国实行社会统筹与个人账户相结合的基本养老保险制度以来,对个人账户的月领取额由个人账户的累积额除以120的法律规定,不断有人提出质疑。文章综合研究了决定该除数的两个因素———个人账户养老金给付年限和养老金工资替代率,最后得出的结论是:个人账户政策中的除以120是合理的。     

提高工薪所得税免税额一定能降低收入不平等吗

 为了更好地发挥个人所得税调节收入分配的功能，中国新的工薪所得税免税额由原来的800元提高到1600元。本文首先着重研究了收入不平等测度中的基准收入，借助基准收入和免税额的各种位置关系，从理论上分析了提高免税额未必能降低不平等。最后，利用2004年中国176个细分行业的工薪数据和Gamma分布的特征，本文实证分析了免税额由800元提高到1600元后的收入不平等变化。实证结果表明，免税额提高后职工的收入不平等进一步扩大。     

The wage gap and the leisure gap for double-earner couples

Empirical research has consistently shown that, on average, men are paid higher wages than women. Moreover, men enjoy more leisure time than women. We develop a noncooperative model of the private provision of family public goods to analyze whether the wage gap and the leisure gap are related. Simultaneous and sequential decision-making structures within a couple lead to different empirical hypotheses. Our estimates based on the German Socio-Economic Panel data show that husbands enjoy, other things equal, more leisure time than their wives. This advantage can be explained if the husband is the Stackelberg leader in a sequential private provision game.      

最低工资制度与初次分配中的公正问题

在“效率优先、兼顾公平”分配理念功能发生异化的情况下，着力解决初次分配中的公平问题尤为迫切，在现阶段主要是提高劳动报酬在初次分配中所占的比重，使以往GDP分配中劳动者收入偏低、资本所有者的回报偏高的畸形格局得到矫正，逐步完善最低工资制度，提高最低工资标准。     

An equilibrium analysis of the gender wage gap

Within a two‐sector general equilibrium model, women's productivity in the marketplace decreases with the amount of household work they perform at home. Assuming that men's and women's household labour inputs are complementary here we prove the existence of multiple equilibria. In some, men and women allocate their labour equally and earn identical wages. In others, they allocate labour differently and earn different wages. In this context, beliefs about the inferiority of women's productivity are shown to be self‐fulfilling. By use of numerical examples, we show that welfare is highest when spouses allocate labour equally and suggest policy recommendations.     

浅析高校绩效工资分配办法的思考

2006年7月1日起，高校开始推行岗位绩效工资制度。该项制度的实施，调动了高校教师的主动性、积极性和创造性。如何制定科学合理、实用高效的绩效工资分配办法，就需要树立新理念，研究新问题。     

反思传统体制下低工资高就业对工业化的支撑

传统体制下的工资与就业制度是为优先发展重工业战略服务的.这一制度对经济产生了深远的影响,即使在改革开放二十多年后的今天,我们仍然可以看到这种影响所留下的痕迹.基于此,试图通过对传统体制下的工资-就业机制与工业化道路关系的分析,为我国现阶段工资与就业制度的变革,提供历史借鉴.     

Determinants of infant and child mortality in Kenya: an analysis controlling for frailty effects

In this paper, Weibull unobserved heterogeneity (frailty) survival models are utilized to analyze the determinants of infant and child mortality in Kenya. The results of these models are compared to those of standard Weibull survival models. The study particularly examines the extent to which child survival risks continue to vary net of observed factors and the extent to which nonfrailty models are biased due to the violation of the statistical assumption of independence. The data came from the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. The results of the standard Weibull survival models clearly show that biodemographic factors are more important in explaining infant mortality, while socioeconomic, sociocultural and hygienic factors are more important in explaining child mortality. Frailty effects are substantial and highly significant both in infancy and in childhood, but the conclusions remain the same as in the nonfrailty models.