Institutionalizing Counter‐Memories of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement: The National Civil Rights Museum and an Application of the Interest‐Convergence Principle

During the post–Reconstruction era in the United States, white southerners marked the cultural landscape with monuments and memorials honoring the Confederate cause and its heroes. These racialized symbols enjoyed an undisputed claim to public squares and parks throughout the South. It was not until the late twentieth century that commemorations to the black freedom struggle were publicly supported. This analysis examines the institutionalization of counter‐memories of the civil rights movement in Memphis, Tennessee at the Lorraine Motel, the site of the assassination of Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The author draws on collective memory, cultural trauma, and social movements research as well as critical race theory to explain the creation of the National Civil Rights Museum. Using primary and secondary data sources the author examines how social memory agents, a changing political culture, and the passage of time mediated the cultural trauma of King's assassination and influenced the institutionalization of oppositional collective memories. Relying on Derrick Bell's interest‐convergence principle, the author concludes that the creation of this major memorial museum was a result of the convergence of white and black interests, specifically the economic and political interests of white elites and the cultural and political interests of black symbolic entrepreneurs.     

认知方式与线索提示对学龄儿童基于事件前瞻记忆的影响

通过严格控制实验程序,首次考察认知方式和线索提示对8岁、10岁、12岁学龄儿童EBPM的影响,并分析学龄儿童EBPM的发展趋势后发现：（1）8-12岁儿童EBPM能力仍在持续向前发展;（2）认知方式在儿童EBPM加工过程中扮演着重要角色,对年幼儿童（8岁和10岁）来说,场独立者更善于完成EBPM任务,而对12岁儿童来说,场独立者与场依存者都可以很好地完成EBPM任务;（3）线索提示有助于学龄儿童完成EBPM任务,并能弥补场依存儿童EBPM能力上的不足。研究结果支持PM多重加工理论。     

以法治方式加强党风建设的新路径探索

法治方式是十八大以来中国共产党探索出来的加强党风建设的新路径。整党整风运动式、会议专题式、法治方式是中国共产党九十多年来加强党风建设的三种方式,而法治方式是新方式与新选择。以法治方式加强党风建设的具体路径有五个方面：一是培育党员领导干部的“法治”意识与价值观念。二是清理完善党内法规制度,构建有法可依的党内法制体系。三是构建规范权力运行的制约和监督体系。四是搭建追逃追赃国际平台,加快对外逃人员的法制惩处。五是强化警示,定期发布党员领导干部的贪腐案例。以法治方式加强党风建设要处理好党内法规与国家法制的关系、加大党员领导干部相关事项的信息透明度与公开性、借鉴成功经验构建廉政文化。     

民事检察建议的分类重构与原理探寻——以二元化权能结构为背景

依循民事检察权的二元化权能结构,可以将规范和实践领域形态多样的民事检察建议划分为以执法监督为职能的公权制约型检察建议和以守法监督为职能的社会治理型检察建议两大类,前者由再审检察建议、对审判人员违法行为的检察建议、执行监督检察建议组成,后者由督促起诉、申诉中的和解检察建议、执行协助检察建议组成。通过对这六种两类检察建议制度的生发原因、运行现状和主要问题进行梳理,能够提炼出各类检察建议的共性特征和运行原理:其中公权制约型检察建议的构建和运行应当遵循合法性和约束力原则、内部制约机制优先原则、比例原则和谦抑性原则;社会治理型检察建议的构建和运行需要遵循有限性原则、防止角色异化原则、公民自治和社会自治优先原则、合法性与规范性原则。     

民事执行检察监督工作机制研究

2012年修改后的《民事诉讼法》确立了我国的民事执行检察监督制度,该制度的建立有利于制约审判权和实现司法公正,有利于依法治国方略的实现。然而,修改后的《民事诉讼法》对民事执行检察监督的范围、原则、方式、程序等并没有作出细化和具体规定。针对司法实践中民事执行检察监督工作存在的主要问题,提出了完善民事执行检察监督工作机制的对策建议。     

Quality of employment in Latin America: Theory and evidence

Historically, the development literature concerned with Latin American labour markets has focused on job numbers and productivity. But given the persistence of large shares of informal and now otherwise precarious employment, the authors argue that meaningful analysis also requires consideration of the implications of occupational status for the quality of employment. Based on empirical evidence from recent decades, they conclude that most dimensions of this concept – including social protection – depend on the conclusion of a written contract of employment. This finding leads them to outline policy options for stabilizing formal employment and securing adequate funding for social protection.     

群体交互记忆系统成因机制研究

在调研84个知识团队,共338名成员的基础上,以共享心智模型和行为信任为中介变量,从团队成员的专长、任务和人际3个方面的特性出发,构建了一个“环境基础-内化条件-知识系统”的整合模型.研究结果显示,团队成员的专长异质性、任务互依性和关系强度对交互式记忆系统产生正向影响.共享心智模型和行为信任完全中介了专长异质性和任务互依性对交互记忆系统的作用,部分中介了关系强度对交互记忆系统的影响.在控制变量中,团队规模对交互记忆系统存在负向影响,团队历史和任务复杂性对交互记忆系统具有正向影响.     

From Restored Past to Unsettled Present: New Challenges for Jewish Museums in East Central Europe

This article examines the institutional development of Jewish museums in Prague, Budapest, and Bratislava from 1989 to the present, with special reference to their role as agents of cultural memory. I consider how these museums contribute to the formation of Jewish identities in post-communist societies, which are themselves struggling to form collective identities. After analyzing the institutional structures and exhibition concepts of these museums in relation to shifts in the politics of representation, I propose a core area on which each museum could base its future development.     

The shtetl in the museum: representing Jews in the eras of Stalin and Putin

This article considers the representation of the shtetl in two museum narratives devoted to Jews in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. The first, the state-funded 1939 exhibit “The Jews in Tsarist Russia and the USSR” was organized by the Jewish Section of the State Museum of Ethnography in Leningrad and remained on display to the Soviet public until the Nazi invasion in June 1941. The second is the privately funded Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center in Moscow, which opened in 2012. Though conceived under radically different ideological and political circumstances, each exhibition conveys a significant message about the place of Jews in Soviet and post-Soviet society, respectively, and each positions the shtetl as a formative arena for Jewish civic identity vis-à-vis the Russian homeland. Across the chasm of over seventy years, these two museum projects raise strikingly similar questions about how and why cultural institutions are mobilized to define the relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and the state. In both cases, the shtetl plays a significant role in narrating this unequal relationship.     

学习“七一”讲话精神 实践“三个代表”思想

本文紧密结合江泽民同志“七一”重要讲话精神,运用政治组织结构理论,分析了“三个代表”的超越式代表特征,并从理论、实践上论述了工人阶级的先进性与“三个代表”中的先进性的关系,认为“三个代表”真正全面地实现要求我们党在执政过程中必须坚持阶级先进性,这是实现“三个代表”的惟一党性基础和根据;最后作者从分析社会民主党现象入手,提出在当前市场经济带来的多元环境条件下党要重视大群众基础,并论证了党增强阶级基础与扩大群众基础的对立统一关系。