性别偏好与政策博弈:广东省出生人口性别比时空变迁分析

广东省出生人口性别比失调现象存在着明显的规律,从时间与空间演变过程分析,认为影响广东省人口性别比的主要原因是生育文化与民众对人口政策的博弈.文章最后提出,在传统生育文化的影响下,出生人口性别比失衡与控制人口是一个两难的选择.     

MODEL-ASSISTED HIGHER-ORDER CALIBRATION OF ESTIMATORS OF VARIANCE

In survey sampling, interest often centres on inference for the population total using information about an auxiliary variable. The variance of the estimator used plays a key role in such inference. This study develops a new set of higher‐order constraints for the calibration of estimators of variance for various estimators of the population total. The proposed strategy requires an appropriate model for describing the relationship between the response and auxiliary variable, and the variance of the auxiliary variable. It is therefore referred to as a model‐assisted approach. Several new estimators of variance, including the higher‐order calibration estimators of the variance of the ratio and regression estimators suggested by Singh, Horn & Yu and Sitter & Wu are special cases of the proposed technique. The paper presents and discusses the results of an empirical study to compare the performance of the proposed estimators and existing counterparts.     

马寅初的人口质量观及其现实意义——纪念马寅初诞辰120周年

注重人口质量是马寅初人口思想对马尔萨斯人口论的实质性超越.马寅初关于人口质量的观点主要体现于:人口质量与人口数量是对立的统一;在新时代,人不在乎多,而在乎精;人口质量的提高是德、智、体全面的提高和全民的提高;提高人口质量不能离开本国国情.在现代化进程中我们重温马寅初关于提高人口质量方面的有关观点和主张,有助于我们处理好提高人口质量与稳定低生育水平、保护资源环境、提高农民收入等方面的关系.     

沈阳市老年人口现状及其养老保障模式的构建

沈阳作为一个重工业城市 ,在其二次创业过程中人口老龄化问题日益突出 ,因此 ,掌握沈阳市老年人口的生活状况 ,构建适合沈阳市老年人口现状的养老保障模式 ,已经成为沈阳市社会养老保障体系改革的重要内容。     

"离农"与韩国农业的现状

韩国自 194 5年独立到 1999年间 ,伴随着工业化的高速进展 ,农村人口也大量流失 ,占总人口的比重由 70 %下降到 9%,使得目前的农村劳动力严重不足与老龄化。人口的减少与剧烈的两极分化 ,使出租地增加到总耕地面积的 4 0 %以上 ,而且基本上是土改前租佃关系的翻版 ,不利于机械化与生产效率的提高。由于农业危机 ,韩国政府希望通过建立股份化的农场 ,使农业生产规模化、现代化 ,并为此做了很多努力 ,但进展不太顺利。     

可持续发展与人口老龄化

从人口自身来讲 ,一是数量要适度 ,二是素质要提高 ,三是结构要合理。人口应始终保持与系统其他要素的协调而不断调整自身的数量、质量与结构。老年人共享社会经济发展成果是实现可持续发展的重要条件 ,文章从 4个方面展开论述 :正确评估老年人创造社会财富的突出贡献 ;充分肯定老年人在发展文教、科技等各项事业中不可替代的巨大作用 ;不要忘记老一代为推动社会进步所付出的沉重代价 ;公平体现老年人一生的社会价值。     

长春市人口年龄结构的变化与趋势分析

长春市自建国以来,人口年龄结构发生了巨大变化。以第五次人口普查数据为基础,通过pepole软件对长春市人口年龄结构进行了分析与预测。21世纪上半叶,长春市人口年龄结构将面临严重的老化问题,这将给长春市的经济发展带来一系列影响。因此,在控制人口增长的同时,要重视优化人口年龄结构及人口老龄化问题,并采取相应政策,及早做好准备,防患于未然。     

Race and Population Change: A Longitudinal Look at Cleveland Neighborhoods

This paper investigates the relationship of racial composition to neighborhood population change from 1910 to 1990 in the Cleveland metropolitan area. To better understand the long-term dynamics of urban neighborhood change, we focus our analysis upon the longitudinal relationship of race, socioeconomic status, and life cycle stage to changes in neighborhood population densities. First, we find that the more established neighborhoods of the African-American community have experienced dramatic declines in population since 1950, a pattern that represents a clear change from the earlier part of the twentieth century. Second, population loss is experienced through a variety of mechanisms, including the demolition of dwellings, the increase in housing vacancy, and the decline of household size. Third, much of this population loss should be interpreted within the context of high economic distress, occurring most frequently in older African-American communities. Over time, economic distress appears to be more important than race in and of itself in leading to the loss of neighborhood populations.     

云南女性人口发展状况概述

作者从人口学的角度，以人口普查资料为依据，对建国以来云南女性人口的数量与分布、民族构成、素质、经济活动人口和年龄构成作了简要的概述。