地方政府竞争与经济增长

市场化改革带来了经济领域的分权,在既定的政府管理体制下,这种分权导致地方政府之间围绕经济资源展开竞争,由于垂直化行政管理架构和资源流动性的限制,地方政府之间的竞争并不必然带来经济的良性增长,保护性策略和掠夺型策略可能被选择,从而增加地方之间贸易的交易成本,损害经济增长。合理的分权和促进资源流动的政策将有助于改变不利的竞争格局。     

财政分权体制下地方政府竞争的激励机制分析

改革开放以来,与经济体制逐渐由计划经济向市场经济转型相适应,我国的财政体制也逐步由集权型向分权型演进。这种演进受到垂直的政治管理体制的约束,由此形成了具有经济分权和政治集权二维属性的中国式财政分权体制,它赋予了地方政府特有的双重激励即财政激励和政治激励,促使地方政府为促进经济增长而展开激烈的标尺竞争。本文试图对财政分权体制下地方政府竞争的激励机制给与理论和经验的系统解释,并揭示其政策含义。     

地方政府推动经济增长：财政激励的重新解释

在解释中国的经济改革和经济增长中,原先的“维护市场的财政联邦制”强调地方高的边际财政分成对地方促进市场化改革的重要作用,但分税制改革改变了这种认识。主张中央集权下晋升锦标赛作用的学者强调即使地方财政激励很低,晋升的激励也足以保证地方按照中央要求努力发展经济。文章计论了晋升激励存在的一些局限,认为其作用可能被高估了,并对分税制后地方政府推动经济增长的财政激励做了前后一致的解释.     

人居聚落城市化前景的争论

人居聚落城市化进程中的高效生产率很大程度上消除了物质的匮乏状态,降低了劳动强度,但聚落主体在享受巨大物质财富的同时,也经受着创造性的丧失和生态环境破坏的恶果。因而学界关于城市化发展前景产生的激烈论争聚焦于城市化道路是否还要继续深化。分析反城市化趋势的产生,深究城市化困境的实质,探讨城市化进程中聚落主体需求的异化,考察人类中心主义在人居聚落问题上的缺陷,可为实现聚落主体的全面发展和人居聚落的后城市化的发展提供一种合理的设想。     

财政分权、环境规制与战略性新兴产业发展——基于安徽省16个地级市实证研究

战略性新兴产业发展离不开政府的支持和引导.本文在相关理论分析的基础上,基于安徽省2010-2019年16个地级市面板数据,采用逐步回归法,实证分析了财政分权对战略性新兴产业发展的影响,结果显示:财政分权会促进战略性新兴产业的发展,但也会抑制环境规制的提升,导致政府在战略性新兴产业发展过程中作用发挥不够,引起战略性新兴产业发展受阻.但就综合影响效果而言,财政分权仍能促进战略性新兴产业发展.基于此,本文提出深化财政分权制度改革、提高环境规制强度及完善激励和考核机制等政策建议.     

The conundrum between political and sectoral decentralizations: The case of Cameroon

In recent years, alongside implementation of “traditional” decentralization policies, sectoral decentralization experiments in natural resources management have taken place worldwide, mainly under the justification of improving resource conservation and rural development. In the Congo basin, for instance, the epicentre of Africa's tropical rainforests, Cameroon has been engaged in these dual processes of devolution of power to municipalities and municipal involvement in the forestry sector. Drawing on the case of the first municipal forest governance experiment in Cameroon, the article argues that the lack of co‐ordination between the political and sectoral decentralizations is undermining the foundation for effective, democratic and accountable municipal and environmental governance. The case provides useful policy recommendations for donors supporting the global emergence of municipal government capacity.     

分权政府是建立有效政府的基础

有效政府是我国政府体制改革的一个重要目标。系统论、管理学和有效政府的基本价值表明,建设分权政府是建立有效政府的基础。建立分权政府主要涉及政府与社会的分权、政府与市场分权、中央与地方的分权、党政分开等层面。在建设分权政府的过程中,应注意制度建设、职权责一致、监督体系和分权底线等方面问题。     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

从地方发展权的失衡看当代中国的区域不平衡发展

区域不平衡发展问题,是当代中国政府面临的最为艰巨的公共管理难题之一,因而,从公共管理的学科视阈对其展开探讨争鸣有着重大的理论和现实意义。与＂行政分权＂说的传统解释不同,本文试图从行政分权对地方政治生态带来的政治效应,阐释改革以来我国区域不平衡发展现象的因果机理。同时,通过构建地方发展权的分析框架,指出地方发展权的失衡是当代中国区域不平衡发展的重要制度根源。针对我国的区域协调发展战略,提出平衡发展的政策思路。