论救助款项的含义

对海上救助中有关救助款项的含义进行了分析和研究 ,同时分析了我国《海商法》中有关条文对救助款项的规定。     

临安市林业习惯法探析

明清以前封建政府推行的“列树表道”、“广植蚕桑”、保护“禅林”和“永业田”等政令,对保护临安森林资源发挥了积极作用,但“驰禁山泽”、砍伐缓坡丘陵地区的森林以种茶的作法则破坏了森林。天目山的僧侣护林制度使临安至今仍享有“大树华盖闻九州”的美誉。明清的禁碑显示临安地区林业中存在长期稳定的私人或团体对林木的私业权。民国时期的苗圃制度顺应了林木需求大大增长的要求。新中国成立以后,天目山地区的联防委员会与突击队制度有效地满足了防火护林的需要;30余种林业管理规章,在一定程度上标志着临安地区林业规章制度的成熟与完善。     

A Review of Kyoto Protocol Adoption in Russia: Joint Implementation in Focus

Russia’s role in ‘animation’ of the Kyoto Protocol was crucial. Its initial vacillation on ratification was predominantly due to political bargaining with the EU. Domestic economic rationales [i.e. impacts of emission trading and Joint Implementation (JI) projects] were important to a much lesser extent and environmental motives did not seem to play any role in the decision. Since the Protocol entered into force, there have been significant delays in complete establishment of policy implementation frameworks, which are necessary for Russia to start benefiting from JI and emission trading. Only recently, in 2007, have GHG inventories and a national registry been established and the responsibilities for implementation of the Protocol and JI among the government departments have been distributed only to a certain extent. Some constraints hindering JI projects, such as vague legislation, an unfavourable economic climate, lack of commitment to JI projects, corruption, xenophobia, state and agency ‘capture’ still remain.      

On generalised estimating equations for vector regression

Generalised estimating equations (GEE) for regression problems with vector‐valued responses are examined. When the response vectors are of mixed type (e.g. continuous–binary response pairs), the GEE approach is a semiparametric alternative to full‐likelihood copula methods, and is closely related to Prentice & Zhao's mean‐covariance estimation equations approach. When the response vectors are of the same type (e.g. measurements on left and right eyes), the GEE approach can be viewed as a ‘plug‐in’ to existing methods, such as the vglm function from the state‐of‐the‐art VGAM package in R. In either scenario, the GEE approach offers asymptotically correct inferences on model parameters regardless of whether the working variance–covariance model is correctly or incorrectly specified. The finite‐sample performance of the method is assessed using simulation studies based on a burn injury dataset and a sorbinil eye trial dataset. The method is applied to data analysis examples using the same two datasets, as well as to a trivariate binary dataset on three plant species in the Hunua ranges of Auckland.     

Does Joint Physical Custody “Cause” Children’s Better Outcomes?

ABSTRACT

Policymakers and researchers are concerned with whether joint physical custody (JPC) produces better outcomes for children than sole custody. Although several review articles summarizing up to 61 empirical articles demonstrate very positive answers, many of the research designs used compromise the ability to claim that it is JPC per se—and not selection effects—that causes the effect. We discuss several research design issues, such as propensity score analysis, that can more powerfully probe the question of causality. Some studies have already been conducted employing these strategies and more are recommended and likely to soon be forthcoming. On the basis of this comprehensive review we conclude that JPC probably does cause benefits to children on average, and that social scientists can now provisionally recommend rebuttably presumptive JPC to policymakers.     

建筑物区分所有权及专有权的概念辨析

建筑物区分所有权制度是近现代社会发展起来的一项新型不动产所有权制度。专有所有权是业主对其建筑物专有部分享有的专有、使用、收益和处分的权利,其性质为对空间的所有权。     

略论传统伦理道德的发展规律和历史命运-传统伦理道德思想论纲之一

中华民族在血缘宗亲的群体关系中,高度地发挥着人的本性,随着孝养的制度化,传统伦理道德思想从其原生期、形成期逐渐走入成熟期,发展出以三纲五常为主体的政治性伦理思想和以仁义说为核心的品格性伦理思想.前者借专制集权主义而大行其道,渐趋极端,压制着后者,扭曲着人性.后者顽强地抗争,熔铸着民族的精神,培养着"民族的脊梁".二者既对立又统一,既冲突又融合,共同构成传统伦理道德思想.这个矛盾的统一体循其矛盾规律而发展,从不中断,绝不消亡,在经过漫长的成熟期的五个阶段后,必然迈入自己的高级期.     

《诗经·国风》中情礼冲突之再评价

“礼”历来被认为是压抑和禁锢个性的工具 ,遭到猛烈抨击 ,而对其在一定历史条件下的进步作用人们往往视而不见 ;“礼”的形成和存在 ,实际是出于对群体利益的关照 ,情礼冲突的实质是个体对自由的追求和自由在一定历史条件下的有限性的矛盾 ,是社会的整体进步和个体利益必要舍弃之间的“二律背反”。从这一角度说 ,“礼”的价值值得再思考 ,情礼冲突的实质可以再评价。     

洞穴习俗与“中”的观念

“中”的观念是人类重要的思维成果,它产生于原始的洞穴生活习俗,并与后来的家居宫室文化有着密切的关系。“中”的观念形成时空意义上的“中在”、“中和”等概念,影响着一般人的思维模式。儒、道、墨、法、佛各有自己对“中”的理解和控制方式。今后,“中”的观念有可能发生根本性的变化。