一曲美国南方没落贵族的挽歌--评威廉·福克纳的《喧嚣与骚动》

《喧嚣与骚动》是美国现代著名作家威廉·福克纳的惊世之作。在小说中 ,福克纳刻画了一幅美国旧南方贵族没落的图景 ,为没落的旧南方贵族弹奏了一曲凄凉的挽歌 ,深刻地揭示了美国旧南方的衰败。本文从不同的角度来体现小说深刻的思想主题及作品鲜明的艺术特色     

Automobile prices and protection: The U.S.-Japan trade restraint

We examine the effects of the U.S.-Japan trade restraint on automobile prices and quality upgrading, for both Japanese imports and American small cars. From April 1981 to April 1984 the suggested retail price of all Japanese models increased by 15.8 percent, or 5.3 percent per year. We find that nearly the entire amount of this rise can be explained by the upgrading of individual models. This upgrading may benefit consumers who would purchase a luxury import in any case, but harms those who desire the basic imports. In addition to upgrading, we conclude that a second cost of the trade restraint has been to prevent the yen depreciation from being passed onto American consumers, in terms of lower imported auto prices. For U.S. small cars we find a 9.1 percent rise in the suggested retail price, or 3 percent per year, with a fraction of this amount due to model upgrading. If the yen depreciation had led to lower import prices without the trade restraint, then we expect that U.S. auto prices would have been lower, too.     

雪夜森林边的思考——罗伯特·弗罗斯特诗歌思想管窥

罗伯特·弗罗斯特作为二十世纪美国最伟大的诗人之一,其思想和观点在其诗歌艺术创作之中表现出来.本文仅以其诗歌来窥视其观点和思想,为进一步的了解和研究弗罗斯特提供些许研究素材和浅薄的理论认识.     

Evaluating a private foundation's health program

Public policy decisions in health are increasingly difficult and expensive. Although there will never be enough information available, private foundations can help to bridge the most important gaps in knowledge. Larger foundations may also wish to respond to those who doubt the value of foundation activities. This article reviews the experiences over the past eight years of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in employing evaluation and related social research procedures in the planning and implementation of a major philanthropic effort to improve the health and medical care of Americans. Discussed are the still evolving Foundation evaluation framework, the unanticipated problems in undertaking specific evaluations, and the substantive findings of some of the studies.     

生态视阈下的《怀河河畔》赏析

《怀河河畔》(The Banks of Wye)由著名的“鞋匠诗人”“农民诗人”罗伯特·布卢姆菲尔德撰写,记录了诗人1807年于怀河河畔为期十日的旅程。通过描绘诗化的美景展现出怀河附近的风土人情,以及依怀河而居的农民在圈地运动前后的日常生活变化,表达诗人对资产阶级侵占农民土地这一暴行的批判和对农民阶层的同情。从作品内容出发,结合威廉·华兹华斯的著作《丁登寺》,在生态批评角度下,寻找圈地运动对怀河河畔居民的生活环境等方面的影响。     

Neo-Gramscian Theory and Third World Violence: A Time for Broadening

Abstract

This article argues that the neo-Gramscian theory of hegemony is not as useful in explaining the rise and consolidation of the modern world system. In particular, while the force-consensus approach may indeed be relevant in examining relations among the Western countries, it is fundamentally wanting when applied to the third world. The two main reasons concern the persistent violence against the third world, and the dominance of race and racism as social forces in the production and maintenance of successive world orders. Neo-Gramscian theory needs to be broadened perhaps by paying attention to the relevant thinking in postcolonialism.     

《蝇王》中的人性观

威廉·戈尔丁笔下的《蝇王》为读者展示了一个主人公之间如何从开始建立一个文明组织到最后变得一片混乱的故事。在小说中，作者展示人类所具有的两种不同的个性，一个是文明的、另一个是野蛮的。威廉·戈尔丁在《蝇王》中利用背景、人物个性、和象征，详细地给读者描述了这些双面人。威廉·戈尔丁用《蝇王》告诉读者最危险的敌人是藏匿在每个人心中的邪恶，人们必须正视人性中的恶，不可忽视它。     

罗伯特·达尔的政治平等理论及其发展前景

罗伯特·达尔认为，人类在能力、优点和机会等各个方面都不可能生来平等，而教育、环境和运气则令最初的不平等更加恶化，然而追求政治平等是人们内在平等价值的要求和公民能力的体现。影响政治平等的因素主要包括政治资源、技能和动机的分配，不可复归的时间限度，政治制度的规模，市场经济的盛行，国际体系的存在以及严重危机的必然性等。达尔认为，完全的政治平等是无法获得的，政治平等的未来存在着不确定性，而朝向理想迈进的努力是可行的。     

浪漫派诗歌关乎图征,还是象征——华兹华斯与柯尔律治的诗学思想比较

试图剖析华兹华斯与柯尔律治诗学理念格格不入的原因,提出浪漫派诗歌内部在图征和象征上的巨大差别,以及考察这两种古老的艺术手段对浪漫派诗歌在内容和形式上的创新和贡献。     

Determinants of fertility levels and change among developed countries: 1958–1978

This article provides a multivariate cross-national test of the hypothesis that national population/family planning policies have effected levels, and changes in fertility in developed nations over the past two decades. Variation is assessed in the total fertility rates (TFR) in 1978, and in the change in these rates between 1958 and 1978, among thirty developed countries. Measures include socioeconomic development, divorce, percent in consensual unions, female labor force participation, abortion policy, and level of contraceptive use by married couples and, government population/family planning policy. Seventy percent of the variation in 1978 TFR is related to the percent contracepting, female labor force, and the population/family planning policy measures. These are the only measures with significant direct effects. A longitudinal analysis of 1958 to 1978 change in TFRs is also conducted. This model increases R² to 75%, and the three independent variables remain significant. Implications of these findings for policy makers interested in increasing or decreasing fertility rates are noted.