南京中山植物园游憩功能满意度评价研究

随着植物园"旅游经济"的发展,植物园在承担植物科学研究及科普功能的同时,也成为公众日常休闲的重要绿地。本文选取南京中山植物园作为研究对象,建立评价体系并运用模糊综合评价法对游客满意度进行研究,探寻影响植物园游憩功能的显著因子,为未来植物园规划设计提供参考。结果表明:游客对南京中山植物园的游憩功能达到基本满意水平。其中,植物物种多样性、景区分布、建筑景观、声景观的满意度较高,滨水景观的满意度评价值较低。通过Pearson相关系数发现植物色彩丰富度、科普场所、科普内容是影响游客满意度的显著因子。运用IPA图对16项评价因子进行重要度-满意度分析,并对各象限内的因子提出改进方向。最后基于游憩功能满意度评价结果,提出改进策略:加大对植物园休息设施、卫生设施、娱乐设施和商业服务设施的投入;更新科普方式,增添特色游憩主题园区;完善现有道路体系,增强对北部专类园的可达性;增加色叶植物的种类、提高色彩丰富度等。以期为中山植物园游憩功能的优化及其他植物园的规划设计提供借鉴。     

先秦道家的宇宙观

道家宇宙观的发展，包括宇宙构成物质和生成图式两个主题。就宇宙构成物质来说，先秦时存在“尚气”和“尚水”两种理解，道家认为宇宙构成物质乃是气，并在道气关系的讨论中，主张“道是气”。就宇宙生成图式来说，先秦存在“对象性”和“系统性”两种理解，道家对于相关讨论从“对象性宇宙生成论”逐渐走向“系统性宇宙生成论”，发展出渐趋复杂的生成图式。宇宙生成论发展至此，已经完整而细腻，而后中国思想史上的宇宙生成论大都难以超越此一基本脉络。     

面向服务的复杂成形装备产品架构设计与优化

复杂成形装备作为高端制造产业的基础装备，是各产业转型升级和技术进步的重要保障。同时快速发展的互联网与大数据等新兴信息技术已经成为装备制造业创新不可或缺的组成部分，极其深刻地影响着复杂成形装备产业的制造模式、发展战略以及产品的开发方式。本文研究了面向服务的复杂成形装备产品架构设计与优化方法。采用公理化设计的域结构思想，建立需求域、功能域和架构域之间的映射关系；提出了基于QFD的功能生成方法以及功能模型约简方法；利用DMM建立产品架构和服务架构之间的关联关系；利用模块化理论方法，并考虑成本因素对产品架构进行优化。     

Social and feminist design in emergency contexts: the Women’s Social Architecture Project,Cox's Bazar,Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The rapid influx of Rohingya refugees into Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, has led to the formation of huge camps, built on difficult terrain, short of space and with high population density. All these factors present numerous challenges to agencies seeking to provide latrines, water points, and bathing facilities. Feedback gathered from women and girls highlighted significant challenges around access, safety, privacy, and dignity, including management of personal hygiene and menstruation. Within the humanitarian community, site planning and WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) infrastructure planning/design processes have mainly been dominated by male architects and engineers, often with gendered assumptions about the user. Acknowledging these challenges, Oxfam implemented the Women’s Social Architecture Project to work with women and adolescent girls, and female architects with a background or interest in social or feminist design and architecture, to add a different perspective into the design and siting of WASH facilities. The project has consisted of formative research with Rohingya women and girls, and design workshops with architects in which Rohingya women have co-created designs that tackle the issues they face regarding WASH facilities. This article provides an account of the progress to date, together with feedback from women and girls and the WASH Sector in Cox's Bazar ahead of the final completion of the project in June 2019.     

Designing for “touch”, “reach” and “movement” in postwar (1946–1972) English primary and infant school environments

ABSTRACT

This article examines the use and interpretation of the terms “touch”, “reach” and “movement” in Ministry of Education (later, Department of Education) official publications known as Building Bulletins between the years 1949–1972. A close critical reading of Building Bulletins concerned primarily with school design for young children (infant and primary schools) in the English context has been carried out and the results of this exercise are discussed in the wider context of close relationships established between architects designing schools and leading progressive educationalists in Britain. The wider international context, particularly progressive educational design in the USA, is used to further understand the use and interpretation of these terms. The article contributes to a current interest among historians of education in exploring material and sensory histories of schooling.     

建筑的道德记忆承载功能

作为一种实用艺术,建筑能够通过建筑空间与相关主体自身背景的共鸣,给予相关主体丰富而深刻的艺术审美感受。在建筑审美中,个人的道德记忆起到了重要作用。建筑承载的道德记忆最初来自于特定个体,但通过时间的积累沉淀,它最终会提升为一种集体道德记忆。建筑具有传承性特征,并且具有传承道德记忆的能力。人类的建筑审美活动高度依赖其自身的建筑道德记忆,承载道德记忆的建筑大都具有历史和道德教育作用。从道德记忆理论的视角来看,现代建筑使建筑本身承载人类道德记忆的功能被严重弱化,甚至对建筑的道德记忆承载功能起着严重的破坏作用。当代建筑师既应该向人类的建筑道德记忆学习,也应该给子孙后代留下有价值的建筑道德记忆。     

从《四因说演讲录》和《圆善论》论牟宗三的道家诠释

牟宗三在《四因说演讲录》一书中,以亚里士多德四因说的哲学理论,来讨论中国的道家哲学,他牵强地认定,中国的道家是没有实体创生的意旨的,道家的道,是一个非实有以及非必然的理论模型。他还认为,老子的“无”概念,虽然有动力因的意思,但却只是一个作用的姿态,因此并没有真正的形上学意义的创造性,只是一套境界型态的形上学,而不是一套实有型态的形上学。其实,牟先生是把道家的工夫论命题,当作了形上学的命题在解读,因此导致了错解。在《圆善论》中,牟先生又借由郭象的“迹本圆融”之说,来诠释庄子书中的儒家圣王帝尧的形象,这种做法,从儒家立场来说是可以的,但却是违反道家庄子立场的。牟先生只是借非儒非道之郭象哲学,来建立儒家的哲学,并且曲解又贬抑道家哲学。     

德国保护地体系评述与借鉴

德国保护地体系是沿袭历史逐步形成的。首先论述了德国保护地体系的法律基础,并对11类德国保护地的定义、现状和管理事权进行了解释。继而对德国保护地体系进行归纳总结:各类保护地由《联邦自然保护法》统筹、分级管理,以自然保护为核心目标;各类保护地地界交织现象广泛存在,从而实现更广泛的连接;关注文化与自然的融合,强调文化景观管理;各类保护地倾向不同功能,平衡保护与利用并合理发展可持续旅游;法治巩固本土特色的保护地。最后对我国的保护地体系进行相关思考:法定保护地须纳入国土空间规划;包容自然与文化景观的保护地可与"自然公园"相得益彰;对保护地的利用及管理需要通过统一规划实现。