作为评价尺度的儿童文学人物形象塑造

人物形象塑造是儿童文学基础理论研究的一个重要课题，在当前我国原创儿童文学形象塑造不力的背景下显得尤为迫切而重要。儿童文学特殊的文类属性及其基本功能决定其人物形象是召唤并引领儿童读者展开审美体验的关键精神力量，大量经典儿童文学呈现出这样的文学规律。总结我国百年儿童文学人物形象的变迁及发展发现，形象塑造的美学症结依然在于解决成人社会观念中的“儿童本位”问题。     

形式与意义:儿童文学作品中的游戏精神

儿童文学的"游戏精神"主要是指在儿童作品文本中体现出的、通过人物游戏所传递的一种符合儿童心理需求和审美旨趣,并实现儿童内心愿望的精神。周作人认为儿童文学的游戏精神是"幻想精神""愉悦精神"和"自由精神"。儿童文学游戏精神具有快乐性、幻想性和自由性的三性特征"。游戏精神"在儿童文学中作品的主要呈现形式为:通过"顽童""小大人""、反派"等人物形象的塑造凸显游戏精神;通过故事情节蕴涵的笨拙与聪明、嬉笑与吵闹、虚拟与真实凸显游戏精神;通过语言夸张凸显荒诞美、语言颠倒凸显逆向思维、语言突转凸显惊奇,从而凸显游戏精神。游戏精神对于儿童文学作品编创的意义在于:游戏精神是儿童文学的基本属性和内涵所在,新媒介时代儿童文学的发展需要延续游戏精神。因此游戏精神是儿童文学的作品编创的重要依据和准则。     

Deception in Family Therapy: Recognition,Implications, and Intervention

Deception, in its many forms, is present in families and relationships across the globe. The impact of the presence and discovery of family secrets or deceptive acts on the individual, the family unit, and the therapeutic process, particularly in the field of marriage and family therapy, has not been thoroughly studied or discussed. Further, deceptive acts during the therapeutic process may have implications for effective treatment planning. This article defines the various forms of deception and its systemic effects on relationships and on the therapeutic process. Possible interventions to address deception in a family therapeutic setting are proposed.     

从多元系统论视角对儿童文学翻译的重新审视

从多元系统理论出发,将儿童文学翻译置于社会文化环境中考察,发现儿童文学处于文学系统的边缘。这种边缘位置导致儿童文学的翻译和创作受到了局限和压制,但是儿童文学系统和成人文学系统间模式的迁移和融合有利于产生一种新的成功模式。     

论沈从文的儿童文学创作

沈从文的儿童文学创作在中国现代儿童文学史上长期以来未得到应有的重视.试图通过对沈从文的儿童文学创作作较为全面的梳理、概括和分析,以肯定其在中国现代儿童文学史上的地位和贡献.     

Professionals' attitudes to children's participation in decision-making: dichotomous accounts and doctrinal contests

The attitude of professionals to the involvement of children in decision-making is unclear. This paper discusses a recent research study that utilized qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the views of professionals working in family support and child protection about two different aspects of children's participation in decision-making: the age at which children should make decisions and whether or not they should be involved in child protection conferences. The results showed that social workers tended to favour one of two diametrically opposed viewpoints about the age at which young people should make decisions and then in discussions with colleagues they sought to persuade others to change their perspective. Social workers who believed that young people should not make decisions until much older nevertheless thought that they should be involved in conferences whereas non-social workers did not make this distinction: for them, children who were not old enough to make decisions for themselves should not be involved in conferences. The results are discussed in the light of some of the implications for practice. The paper concludes by outlining how the results informed the design of a training pack commissioned by the Department of Health concerning the involvement of young people.     

Empowering looked-after children

Children's rights include the right to participation in decisions made about them. For looked-after children, this right is enshrined in the Children Act (England & Wales) 1989. This article reports the results of a study of children's views about their experience of being looked after and the degree of power that they felt they had to influence decision making. Their main areas of criticism were frequent changes of social worker, lack of an effective voice at reviews, lack of confidentiality and, linked to this, lack of a confidante. The findings are discussed in relation to recent policy changes. Specifically, the Looked After Children documentation and the Quality Protects initiative, by setting out uniform objectives and performance criteria, seem to restrict the freedom of local authority management and of social workers to respond to individual children's preferences, or to give weight to what the children themselves consider to be in their best interest.     

Children, death and ageism

The position of children in the social order can be seen as an ambiguous one. On the one hand, they are highly valued, at a rhetorical level at least, as the basis of the future generation. On the other hand, however, they can be seen to be marginalized and disenfranchised, protected from more aspects of social life than is strictly necessary. This paper explores some of the important issues relating to children's disenfranchised social position, with specific reference to issues relating to death, dying and bereavement.     

当代儿童诗对纯美想像空间的构建

在儿童诗构建的精神世界里,应该反映儿童的现实和具体的生活,但更需要有充分的想像,才能更好地满足儿童的想像发展的需要,它应表达儿童的爱心、热情、单纯,扩展儿童活泼的幻想.当代儿童诗诗人一直致力于对于儿童诗纯美的想像空间的构建,他们都极力张扬儿童的想象力,运用单纯、清新的意象来构筑儿童透明而深邃的情感世界.     

周作人的儿童文学研究

周作人借鉴西方资源 ,确立了在尊重人性基础上的现代儿童观 ,并倾力于儿童文学与儿童生活关系的探讨。他早在 1 91 4年写的《童话略论》和《儿歌之研究》,对童话和儿歌分别作了全面而不失深刻的研究 ,具有导夫先路之功。并且 ,遵循其学术研究与思想启蒙同时并举的一贯做法 ,周作人又对当时儿童文学界的许多错误倾向 ,予以持续不懈的批判