区块链与法律的互动:挑战、规制与融合

区块链技术的迅速崛起在刑法、合同法、数据保护法和公司法等多个法律领域对法律带来了挑战,对区块链技术进行适当的法律规制是必要且可行的,应当采取试验性监管、自我监管、共同监管、类型化监管等策略对区块链实施适度、科学的法律规制,实现技术创新和公共政策的双赢。与此同时,区块链技术也与法律发生着融合,其不仅可作为法律科技辅助法律的实施,还在一定程度上补充乃至替代传统法律。区块链与法律的深度融合使法律呈现代码化的趋势,将使传统法律发生颠覆性重构。     

Breaking the code of the street: extending Elijah Anderson's encryption of violent street governance to retaliation in Scotland

The ‘code of the street’ is a theoretical framework concerning violent interaction. Its enactment on the street can be seen as illustrating a hegemonic masculinity. The typical setting where the code is pervasive is in disadvantaged urban communities. Those in thrall to the code's localised retaliatory edicts are usually young working-class males. Understandably, given the code's origins in the US ghetto, it is a US criminological research tradition which has stimulated the terms of this framework. Although European scholars have pursued theorising violence by recourse to the code, Scotland has not been studied, and the qualitative study reported here aims to remedy this. Based on these data, a behavioural code is evident in Scotland sharing characteristics with Anderson's original contribution, despite differences in terms of chronology and cultural setting. The study contributes to our knowledge of the life histories and personal theorisations of young offenders whose trajectories are arguably entrapped by forms of retaliatory justice and performances of a ‘protest’ type of marginalised masculinity.     

城乡中小学生语言生活差异调查研究--以湖南永州为例

永州地处湘南,经济不发达,外来人口不多,居民普通话水平普遍不高。当地城乡中小学生的语码选择和语言态度表现出一定的差异：城市学生日常语码选择以普通话为主,农村学生则以方言为主;虽然城乡学生在不同的场合中语码选择变化趋势类似,但农村学生选择普通话交际的比例明显低于城市学生;农村学生的普通话水平不高,但他们对普通话的各方面评价都高于方言。造成这种差异的原因是由于城乡学生的家庭语言环境、学校语言环境以及平时的生活环境不同。     

法教义学下“醉驾”定性困境之破解

“醉驾”行为应否一律定罪,成为“醉驾”入刑后自始广受争议的问题。然而,司法实践中具体个案的定性尴尬表明,“醉驾”一律定罪事实上是违反罪刑法定和罪责刑相适应基本原则的错误做法。如此错误,缘于过分强调分则个罪条款之适用同时,忽视了总则之地位及其与分则之内在联系,继而使得“醉驾”定性适用法律并不完整。完整的法律适用,需基于法教义学而认清刑法分则罪名条文规定的规范实质及其与刑法总则的内在关系,对具体个案予以体系化的法律适用。     

REVISITING THE AGENT OF SOCIAL CONTROL ROLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT

The agent of social control role and its responsibilities and goals provide an important function in social work practice. Workers in varied positions often combine this role with others that define the profession. Yet in the not too distant past, a debate arose as to whether this role, focusing on promoting and protecting the general welfare of society, could be congruent with also fostering the improved functioning and self‐determination of individual clients. Periodically, this topic emerges to challenge the appropriateness of these dual activities in satisfactorily and equitably serving both constituents.

Within the field of substance abuse, court‐mandated referrals have established a need for practitioners to perform social control tasks to monitor and report clients' compliance with and progress in treatment. This has created a conflict for many who consider their practice to be client‐centered. This article will explore the dilemmas experienced in attempting to simultaneously carry out both roles and the guidance provided from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. In addition, proposed strategies to reduce the duality of difficulties will be summarized.     

相位旋转的速率为2的空时分组码

速率为2的空时分组码(R2-STBC)能达到全速率全分集,然而其译码复杂度与调制阶数的平方成正比。为了降低译码复杂度,提出了一种基于相位旋转的、速率为2的空时分组码(PR-R2-STBC),发送端根据反馈信息将部分发送信号旋转一定的角度,实现了信号在传输过程中两两正交,从而使得其译码复杂度与调制阶数成正比。仿真结果显示,与R2-STBC相比,该编码仅需反馈7 bit就极大地降低了译码复杂度。     

用于QR码自动识读的图像分析方法

对于所采集的条码图像,为了适应实时性的要求,以得到不同光照条件下的最佳阈值,该文提出了把直方图双峰法、OTSU法及NLNiblack阈值法结合起来的改进的自适应阈值法。实验证明了该方法具有高效性和稳定性。为了在条码分割图像中获取QR码的4个顶点,首先,根据3个位置探测图形的特性提出了一种新的方法以求取对应的3个顶点,同时利用QR码的特征提出挖空算法获取条码的边缘,再采用过已知点的Hough变换得到第4个顶点。实验证明该算法在各种采集条件下可有效地得到QR码的4个顶点。     

俄罗斯联邦对妇女的刑事政策

俄罗斯联邦《刑法典》中单独将某些侵害妇女的行为规定为犯罪,对某些侵害妇女的犯罪行为规定较重的刑罚;对犯罪妇女规定了相对轻缓的刑罚措施。《刑事诉讼法典》规定对特定身份的妇女不适用某些强制措施;有3岁以下子女的妇女可以免除陪审员职责。《刑事执行法典》中规定了男女有别的执行程序;对女犯的管束比男犯宽松;极力照顾怀孕和有幼年子女的妇女。     

种次号作为书次号时辅助区分号的设置与应用

本文论述在以种次号作为书次号时如何合理使用辅助区分号，使得馆藏排架更加科学合理，方便读者利用。     

英美法上的要物合同机制及其启示

关于我国民法典中要物合同的存废,英美法上的要物合同机制可带来不少启示。英美法的经验所传递的信息是,要物合同被确立下来依赖于其无偿的人际关系的产生背景,正是在此基础上,它适用＂没有给就没有还＂的法律逻辑。它被保留下来,很大程度上是法律传统使然。进一步分析,还可以补充上法律目的与法律伦理等方面的理由。在对待要物合同的问题上,建议以前述理由为据,保留无偿的传统要物合同,将有偿要物合同予以诺成化改造。