Living Arrangements, Employment Status, and the Economic Well-Being of Mothers: Evidence from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S

Using data from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S., we estimate country specific models of household income that characterize mothers according to their marital status, living arrangement, and employment status. We assess the predicted economic well-being of each type of mother relative to a benchmark of married mothers in the same country, and at various points in the income distribution. We find dramatic cross-country differences in the distribution of mothers across categories, but few differences in each type's relative economic status. In all three countries and at all points in the income distribution, mothers who are the only adults in their households have the lowest levels of predicted income, while married mothers—followed closely by cohabitors—have the highest levels.     

保函在国际承包工程中的运作方式——商贸英语教学中应介绍的一课

保函是国际商务活动,尤其是国际工程承包业务中被普遍接受的一种担保形式.本文主要介绍涉外商贸活动中常用的几种保函及运作方式.指出在商贸英语教学中向学生教授此类专业知识的必要性.     

民族地区县级政府竞争：路径选择与制度安排

我国地方政府竞争的趋势将愈演愈烈,地方政府竞争带来了不同的竞争效应。文章对地方政府竞争模型的反思入手,分析了民族地区政府竞争的特征和存在问题的基础上,提出了民族地区提升政府竞争力的路径选择:以提升制度竞争力为先,推进市场、产品等要素建设;并对民族地区政府竞争提出相应的制度和政策安排。     

商业保险公司的合约性质

传统观念认为,保险公司是一种特殊的组织,它凭借大数定律把被保险人组织起来,产生自救行为。但是这并不能解释保险公司的投资行为,也不能解释一些保险公司的投资收益占总收益的比率相当大,更不能解释一些保险公司在本原业务的经营出现问题时依靠投资收益走出困境。采用静态分析方法是这一理论的主要局限性。本文拟创造性地综合运用企业理论、金融工程、微观经济学和保险理论的分析方法从一个新的视角──保险企业的合约性质──对保险公司的性质作出分析,并进一步对保险公司为什么需要投资作出新的理论解释。     

土地承包经营权的物权重构

土地承包经营权的物权属性,学界已基本取得共识,但现行法对土地承包经营权的制度设计依据的是传统物权理论。占有权的基本原理应是土地承包经营权进行物权重构的基本法理。据此,涉及土地承包经营权的主要法理必须进行重新探讨。     

乡村韧性治理共同体的建构逻辑与运行机制

传统危机治理模式在应对新时期复合型风险中存在诸多积弊。创新基层治理的体制机制,转变传统“工程能力”的应急治理理念是推进乡村振兴战略有效实施的基本面向。韧性概念的提出在丰富公共治理理论内涵的同时也为建构“中国之治”乡村危机治理体系提供学理支持。依据“解构建构”的逻辑理路尝试提出“乡村韧性治理共同体”这一学术命题。基于“协同”和“信任”双重维度系统阐释乡村韧性治理共同体的建构逻辑,认为“多中心自组织协同”的网络结构形态强调党建引领下的“一核多元”;而“契约信任”是现代乡村公共秩序维系的前提,能够激发韧性治理共同体的内生动力。基于系统内部各要素联动融合的作用机理与实践应用,从多元主体的协同组织机制、政社互动的秩序维稳机制、长效常态资源冗余机制、社区数字技术赋能机制和动态调适持续学习机制等方面探究乡村韧性治理共同体的运行机制,旨在重塑全方位多层次的网络拓扑型治理共同体结构,接续推进乡村韧性建构与风险治理体系的融合。     

Child‐Care Instability and Behavior Problems: Does Parenting Stress Mediate the Relationship?

Child‐care instability is associated with more behavior problems in young children, but the mechanisms of this relationship are not well understood. Theoretically, this relationship is likely to emerge, at least in part, because care instability leads to increased parenting stress. Moreover, low socioeconomic status and single‐mother families may be more vulnerable to the effects of instability. This study tested these hypotheses using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study (N = 1,675) and structural equation modeling. Three types of child‐care instability were examined: long‐term instability, multiplicity, and needing to use back‐up arrangements. Overall, findings showed little evidence that parenting stress mediated the associations between care instability and child behavior problems among the full sample. Among single‐mother and low‐income families, however, needing to use back‐up arrangements had small positive associations with parenting stress, which partially mediated the relationship between that type of care instability and child externalizing behavior problems.     

Divorce,living arrangements,and material well-being during the transition to adulthood in rural Malawi

In this paper, we use longitudinal data to investigate how parental death and divorce influence young women’s own experience of divorce in Malawi, a setting where women marry relatively early and unions are fragile. We find that maternal death and parental divorce are positively associated with divorce for young women but, after controlling for socio-demographic and marital characteristics, only the association with maternal death remains statistically significant. Maternal and paternal death are both strongly associated with women’s post-divorce living arrangements, which in turn affects their material well-being. This finding suggests that divorcing at a young age shapes the subsequent life chances of women; although some women return to their parental home and may have the opportunity to reset the transition to adulthood, other women begin their 20s as head of their own household and with considerable material disadvantage.     

Who Is the Residential Parent? Understanding Discrepancies in Unmarried Parents' Reports

Research examining parental reports of children's living arrangements has often relied on information about legally ordered custody agreements following divorce. This analysis used data from matched pairs of parents (N = 1,156) in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study who live apart to compare mother and father reports of their child's residence 5 years after a nonmarital birth. The authors found that over one third of unmarried parents disagreed about who their child lived with and that conflicting reports were much more likely when fathers spent nights with the mother (an indicator of part‐time cohabitation) and had overnights with the child on their own. The results further suggest that discrepancies in unmarried parents' reports were more closely associated with the complexity and ambiguity of their living situations than with the quality of their relationships with each other. Implications for measuring children's living arrangements in families formed outside of marriage are discussed.