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1.
The way Australian federal governments have approached Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander employment and welfare policy over the last two decades has been a paradigmatic example of what not to do in policymaking. In the absence of effective engagement or consultation, a series of decisions under Coalition and Australian Labor Party governments have had a range of negative consequences for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. These changes – centred around the closure of the Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) scheme and implementation of the Community Development Programme (CDP) – have resulted in increased unemployment, inadequate support for job creation, a dramatic over‐application of income penalties to social security recipients and reduced capacity in many community organisations. This article argues that these outcomes constitute policy failure, especially given that genuine engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people could have prevented many of these consequences. It then turns to an exploration of three ways in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are responding to such policy failure: through promotion of new narratives, new alliances, and new institutions. The study concludes that while we should avoid “specious hope”, there is room for optimism in a renewed push for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sovereignty.  相似文献   
2.
利用国家重点研发计划重点专项2018年调研数据,构建了自然灾害冲击对农村家庭非农就业选择影响的理论框架,采用Probit模型验证了自然灾害冲击对农户家庭成员非农就业选择的影响。研究发现:自然灾害冲击对农户家庭成员非农就业选择有显著正向影响,这一正向影响会随着自然灾害强度的增加而不断提升;人力资本和社会资本的嵌入,会弱化自然灾害对农户家庭成员非农就业选择的影响,信贷约束却会强化这一影响。这意味着现阶段面对自然灾害冲击,农户家庭成员应积极尝试非农就业,不仅能够促进资本存量重构,还可以缓解家庭生计压力,增加农户家庭收入,避免农户家庭因灾致贫。  相似文献   
3.
三朗扎西 《民族学刊》2018,9(5):90-96, 127-128
西南民族大学在2013年-2016年为甘孜州招收培养定向就业学生,解决了甘孜州专业技术人才紧缺、民汉兼通双语人才匮乏、基层人才队伍不足等现实问题,形成了较成熟、可借鉴的订单定向招生就业模式,是建立民族高校“双符双适”人才培养模式的有益探索。  相似文献   
4.
A growing body of research has highlighted the consequences of part-time employment for workers’ health and well-being. However, these studies have yielded inconsistent results and relied on cross-sectional data. In addition, relatively little empirical research has explored whether the effect of working part-time on health varies by gender, particularly in the United States. Using longitudinal data from three waves of the General Social Survey panel (2010–2012–2014), our study examined the association between part-time employment and perceived health among U.S employees, and whether this association varied by gender. The results showed that part-time workers were less likely to report poor self-rated health than full-time workers, especially among males. The pattern of results was consistent across empirical approaches—including generalized estimating equations and random effects models, with an extensive set of covariates. Taken together, these findings suggest that for U.S. employees, working part-time appears to be beneficial or at least not detrimental to perceived health, which warrants further investigation.  相似文献   
5.
Globally, an estimated 734 million jobs will be required between 2010 and 2030 to accommodate recent and ongoing demographic shifts, account for plausible changes in labour force participation rates, and achieve target unemployment rates of at or below 4 per cent for adults and at or below 8 per cent for youth. The facts that most new jobs will be required in countries where “decent” jobs are less prevalent and workers in many occupations are increasingly subject to risks of automation further compound the challenge of job creation, which is already quite sizable in historical perspective. Failure to create the jobs that are needed through 2030 would put currently operative social security systems under pressure and undermine efforts to guarantee the national social protection floors enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).  相似文献   
6.
The European Union’s (EU) Youth Guarantee aims to improve the labour market situation of young people. Rather than prescribing a uniform policy model, it acknowledges that supportive measures need to align with national, regional and local circumstances. It thus seeks to promote mutual policy learning through the open method of coordination. As an innovative measure, the EU has deployed funding programmes to support the domestic measures related to the Youth Guarantee. We therefore examined in this study whether this mix of recommendations and financial incentives has entailed a convergence of member state policies. Our analysis of policy outputs for the period 2007?2014 yields a mixed empirical picture. There is catching‐up convergence regarding policies’ sectoral coverage but increasing divergence concerning the number of adopted policy instruments. The first two years of financial incentives did not produce any effect on enhancing policy experimentation among less active member states. We offer an optimistic and a pessimistic interpretation of these findings.  相似文献   
7.
特色小镇建设过程中出现的失地农民群体面临着权益保障困难、社会排斥及社会阶层分化等问题。通过凸显特色产业,区别对待不同类型特色小镇发展,注重旅游特色商品开发、发展休闲农业和完善社会保障等方式,可以提升失地农民的再就业,缓解失地带来的社会不稳定因素。  相似文献   
8.
In Australia, nearly 30,000 asylum seekers have the legal right to work, but their temporary and conditional migration status exposes them to work-related precarity. This article draws on a small qualitative study that examined asylum seekers’ experiences of seeking work and achieving economic security. Over an 18-month period, 29 semi-structured interviews with asylum seekers who had work rights in Australia were conducted. It provides insights into how restrictive immigration policies manufacture precarity through short-term, conditional visas, resulting in employer risk aversion, segmentation into insecure work, and in-work instability and mistreatment. Asylum seekers manage their experiences and feelings of pervasive insecurity through individual coping and survival strategies.  相似文献   
9.
As female labor force participation increases globally, the relationship between maternal employment and children's development remains unclear. Using data from the India Human Development Survey (2005), we investigate the link between maternal employment and children's arithmetic and reading achievement. We develop a work pattern typology that goes beyond standard measures of employment and captures work intensity and its compatibility with child-rearing in a transitional economy. We find that the relationship between maternal employment and children's outcomes is not unidimensional. For example, children of self-employed mothers are not disadvantaged compared to those with stay-at-home mothers, but maternal employment in salaried jobs or wage work outside the home is negatively associated with cognitive skills in children. However, this negative association is reversed at higher levels of maternal education, suggesting greater access to resources and flexibility associated with better jobs mitigate the negative aspects of maternal employment posed by time constraints. Additionally, maternal employment is associated with maternal involvement in schoolwork and financial investment in academic activities, providing evidence that both time and resources devoted to children's education are significant.  相似文献   
10.
在加强生态文明建设和扩大就业的背景下,环境规制能否同时实现环境保护、绿色就业与高质量发展等多重目标已成为亟待解决的重大问题。构建一种操作便捷的高质量发展评价指标,将其分解为结构效应、技术效应及规制效应,在统一框架内剖析环境规制影响高质量发展的人力资本机制,并使用联立方程空间自回归模型和省际面板数据进行检验,探究在各类人力资本因素调节下环境规制对高质量发展的非线性效应。研究发现:(1)环境规制能通过人力资本积累、产业结构升级、节能减排技术创新等途径影响高质量发展。(2)环境规制通过与人力资本溢价的动态匹配,能进一步推动产业结构升级和节能减排技术创新,助益高质量发展。(3)环境规制在人力资本因素调节下对高质量发展存在非线性影响。总体而言,人力资本因素的改善有利于充分发挥环境规制对高质量发展的倒逼效应;提升人力资本质量是当前调控人力资本因素、释放环境规制高质量发展效应的政策重点。(4)中国高质量发展存在显著为正的空间溢出效应,地方政府在环境问题中缺乏协同治理,削弱了这种空间溢出效应,因此全局层面的高质量发展有较大提升空间。充分激发环境规制的人力资本积累效应,从单纯注重人力资本“量”的扩张转向“质”的提升,实现区域协同治理,这对有效改善环境规制的高质量发展效应至关重要。  相似文献   
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