"养"与"弃":民众孝亲伦理观念试析--以耿村民间故事文本为对象

“养”与“弃”是民众孝亲伦理观的核心问题,它是由农村的生产实际造成的对血缘关系的依赖而产生的伦理问题。本文通过民间故事文本,分析民众孝亲观念中蕴含的“孝与非孝”的伦理矛盾及其复杂的表现形态。“行孝”所面临的威胁有两种:一种是外在的,即极度贫困的生存条件和极为沉重的经济负担。一种是内在的,即子女成家以后情感重心的转移。在终极境况下,民众以互惠的劝孝方式来消解被弃养的风险。这种伦理诉求与儒家的孝道伦理在观念和实践上都有相当大的差距。     

Employment and filial relations: Is there a conflict?

Since children, particularly daughters, are among the most important sources of help and support for older Americans, it has been suggested that women's increasing employment will affect filial relations. Empirical evidence on this issue is inconsistent, in part due to the use of nonprobability samples. Few studies have measured effects for men. We attempt to broaden the scope of this question beyond help to the frail elderly by asking whether employment affects filial relations in general. We examine effects of hours employed on telephone contact, visiting, feelings of closeness, filial attitudes, and assistance to biological parents, for an area probability sample of men and women over 40. There are no effects of employment for men or women on contact, closeness, or assistance. For the vast majority of this population sample, contact and assistance involve few hours per week, and thus do not seem to conflict with employment.     

Piety over Protest: Cognitive Liberation and Deflected Collective Action in Central India

Cognitive liberation is often treated in the social movements literature as a mediating factor through which political opportunities and mobilizing structures generate protest. This paper unpacks multiple dimensions of cognitive liberation and finds that they may operate in tension with one another. Building on scholarship that focuses on subjective factors in social movements, the paper examines the case of the Korku, an oppressed indigenous community in central India, who choose not to protest despite the presence of several dimensions of cognitive liberation. Rather than engage in collective political action, the Korku’s grievances are deflected toward depoliticized religious goals. The Korku seek communal improvement through Hindu piety in a context of the Hindutva cultural-nationalist ideology, rather than protest against the encroachment of this ideology on their community.     

Intergenerational relationships in Chinese transnational families: A typology study

ABSTRACT

Using latent class analysis, this study examined the overall patterns of multifaceted intergenerational relationships of 604 parent-child dyads in 292 transnational families in Beijing, China. Three family relation types emerged: local obligatory (27%, with reciprocal support and ambivalent feelings), distant discordant (27%, with weak associations and high conflict), and distant intimate (46%, with highest filial ratings and emotional quality). Parents’ health and children’s marital status, socioeconomic status, childcare responsibilities, and sibling numbers were associated with different relation types. The findings are helpful for social workers to identify subgroups of older adults in transnational families who are at risk of having inadequate support.     

张载对孝悌思想的发展及其启示

孝悌是"仁"的根本和基础。北宋思想家张载对"孝悌"思想作了重要发展:首先,把天地当作父母,把所有的人和万物都当作兄弟和朋友;其次,把孝悌由一种品德提升为一种精神修养。张载对传统孝悌思想的发展具有深刻的启示:提升道德修养和精神境界需要从孝悌开始,同时需要具备感恩和移情能力。     

新型农村社区建设中孝道的缺失与重建

孝道是中华民族优良的传统道德准则,是养老敬老的前提和基础.随着农村社区的的不断发展和农业生产方式的改变,孝道的维持机制失去了效力,乡村孝道的评价标准变得功利化和理性化.为了解决新型农村社区建设中出现的养老问题,要对我国传统孝道进行重新解析和定位,转变孝道关系双方的观念,实现公众舆论的正确引导和监督作用.     

以孝道文化为核心的崇德向善理念之理论建构

习近平总书记高度重视道德建设，多次强调儒家思想在政府建设新型社会主义价值观过程中的重要地位。以孝道文化为核心的崇德向善理念的理论建构，可从三个方面进行分析论证：其研究视角是重视孝道文化在儒家思想中的核心地位，领会儒家思想占据政府建设新型价值观重要地位的明显趋势，从当代社会主义公民价值观的内涵定义来界定这一理论；其理论建构是以崇德向善为理念、以孝道文化为核心、以家庭教育为平台的结构框架；其对策和措施包括坚持“顶层设计、政府主导”的原则，采取“家庭为主、学校为辅”的教育方式，倡导“民俗为媒、繁荣节庆”的教育形式，强化“市场搭台、文化立国”运行机制。     

略论传统伦理道德的发展规律和历史命运-传统伦理道德思想论纲之一

中华民族在血缘宗亲的群体关系中,高度地发挥着人的本性,随着孝养的制度化,传统伦理道德思想从其原生期、形成期逐渐走入成熟期,发展出以三纲五常为主体的政治性伦理思想和以仁义说为核心的品格性伦理思想.前者借专制集权主义而大行其道,渐趋极端,压制着后者,扭曲着人性.后者顽强地抗争,熔铸着民族的精神,培养着"民族的脊梁".二者既对立又统一,既冲突又融合,共同构成传统伦理道德思想.这个矛盾的统一体循其矛盾规律而发展,从不中断,绝不消亡,在经过漫长的成熟期的五个阶段后,必然迈入自己的高级期.     

反性别本质主义的不同倾向及原因——中西女性主义文学批评比较

女性主义文学批评在反对性别本质主义的道路上表现出两种不同的倾向:模糊两性差异,强调两性之共同人性及承认两性差异,强调女性的特殊性。在长期的论争与批评实践中,西方的学者更多地选择了前者,而中国的学者更易于接受后者。其差异的原因:一是西方的二元对立与中国的阴阳调和对女性主义批评产生了不同的影响;二是中国传统的"孝亲"观对女性主义批评的影响;三是中西文明发展逻辑的差异对女性主义文学批评的影响(文化落差的影响)。另外,除了传统文化的影响,中西方女性主义文学批评的不同背景也是其产生差异的重要原因。     

《论语》"孝"字的文化阐释

<论语>是儒学文化的源头.本文就<论语>中孔子言"孝"的文化内涵及历史和现实意义进行了阐释.笔者认为"孝"的文化内涵除了"善事父母"外,还应包括统治者的"慈惠爱民",从而体现了孔子所倡导的一种为政之道与成己之方.并且,"孝"的实践意义,致力于唤醒人们的道德自觉与对社会及家庭的责任感,无论古今,皆归于此.