Towards Uniformly Efficient Trend Estimation Under Weak/Strong Correlation and Non‐stationary Volatility

In this paper, we consider the deterministic trend model where the error process is allowed to be weakly or strongly correlated and subject to non‐stationary volatility. Extant estimators of the trend coefficient are analysed. We find that under heteroskedasticity, the Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator (with some initial condition) could be less efficient than Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) when the process is highly persistent, whereas it is asymptotically equivalent to OLS when the process is less persistent. An efficient non‐parametrically weighted Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator is then proposed. The efficiency is uniform over weak or strong serial correlation and non‐stationary volatility of unknown form. The feasible estimator relies on non‐parametric estimation of the volatility function, and the asymptotic theory is provided. We use the data‐dependent smoothing bandwidth that can automatically adjust for the strength of non‐stationarity in volatilities. The implementation does not require pretesting persistence of the process or specification of non‐stationary volatility. Finite‐sample evaluation via simulations and an empirical application demonstrates the good performance of proposed estimators.     

Non-parametric estimation of reciprocal coordinate subtangent for right censored dependent scheme

The concept of reciprocal coordinate subtangent (RCST) has been used as a useful tool to study the monotone behavior of a continuous density function and for characterizing probability distributions. In this paper, we propose a non-parametric estimator for RCST based on the censored dependent data. Asymptotic properties of the estimator are established under suitable regularity conditions. A simulation study is carried out to examine the performance of the estimator. The usefulness of the estimator is also examined through a real data.     

Spatial variation in soil inorganic nitrogen across an arid urban ecosystem

We explored variations in inorganic soil nitrogen (N) concentrations across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, and the surrounding desert using a probability-based synoptic survey. Data were examined using spatial statistics on the entire region, as well as for the desert and urban sites separately. Concentrations of both NO₃-N and NH₄-N were markedly higher and more heterogeneous amongst urban compared to desert soils. Regional variation in soil NO₃-N concentration was best explained by latitude, land use history, population density, along with percent cover of impervious surfaces and lawn, whereas soil NH₄-N concentrations were related to only latitude and population density. Within the urban area, patterns in both soil NO₃-N and NH₄-N were best predicted by elevation, population density and type of irrigation in the surrounding neighborhood. Spatial autocorrelation of soil NO₃-N concentrations explained 49% of variation among desert sites but was absent between urban sites. We suggest that inorganic soil N concentrations are controlled by a number of ‘local’ or ‘neighborhood’ human-related drivers in the city, rather than factors related to an urban-rural gradient.     

整合教育:高校思想政治教育的新思路——应对高校“两课”教学的离散趋向

我国高校将“两课”作为实施思想政治教育的主战场目前存在的最大问题是教育教学的某些方面出现离散趋向。本文通过对高校“两课”中出现的离散趋向的分析，认为在思想政治教育教学实践中要实施整合教育，并提出整合教育的具体构想。     

我国中小商业银行风险管理策略研究

本文针对中小商业银行风险管理这一热点，对其风险特征和风险来源进行了探析，并在此基础上对我国中小商业银行风险管理提出了综合性的指导性建议，构建了中小商业银行整体风险管理的框架，并研究了商业银行操作风险的标准计量方法。     

无限家园--读廖志理的组诗《来自生活最初的激情》

文章通过解读组诗文本,抓住家园情结这一内核,较为翔实地剖析了诗人对农耕民族的精神历程与诗意关怀,并归纳了三个艺术特点即忧患精神的张扬、时空转换的把握和整体象征的艺术自觉.     

整合营销传播策略在银行宣传营销中的运用

在阐述整合营销传播理论定义及要点的基础上,以招商银行的营销策略为主要例子,引用本土银行现有营销策略,论证了整合营销理论是我国银行新一轮竞争中的重要策略。     

赏析邱吉尔的"对德宣言"

邱吉尔的Speech in H itler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.是一篇语言与结构俱佳的演讲稿。从分析其文体的角度出发,引导读者赏析原文中大量使用的平行,重复,押韵,比喻等修辞手法是如何使演讲稿达到音,形,义的完美结合,从而在听众心里产生强烈的共鸣。     

应用型本科机械设计制造及自动化专业人才培养方案研究

本文针对应用型本科机械设计制造及其自动化专业如何培养当今社会急缺的高技能复合型人才问题作了探索与研究,提出了新的课程体系与培养方案。     

税收征管效率综合评价指标体系研究

税收征管效率是评价税务机关工作效果的主要指标,而评价指标体系的确定是科学评价税收征管效率的基础和重点。本文分析了税收征管效率的内涵及外延,通过实证建立了税收征管效率的综合评价指标体系。