文学文体学:文学与语言学的交叉与融会

语言学侧重形式研究,其本质特征是描写;文学批评侧重内容研究,其最大魅力是阐释。文学文体学是语言学与文学批评的交叉学科,它既重视语言学的描写,又重视文学批评的阐释。文章试图说明文学文体学的这种跨学科特点。     

当代科技翻译工作者职业发展的挑战和对策

近代以来,科技翻译有力推动了我国的科技发展和社会进化,在民族复兴的新征程中,科技翻译事业仍有重要意义。在当今科技进步与社会变迁对科技翻译职业带来诸多挑战的背景下,探讨了当代科技译者面临的职业难题与对策,以及科技译者应具备的专业素养。青年译者宜利用好新技术,产出更优质的成果,并调整职业规划,将翻译与专业方向相结合,成长为复合型人才,以翻译为核心竞争力胜任多种专业工作。为应对科技文献的新特点,优秀译者需具备坚实的翻译能力基础、充分的专业知识储备和基本的翻译理论素养。同时,译者还可培养编辑、写作等能力和专业敏感度、跨学科视野等综合素质,从而满足职业融合的需要。     

An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Disasters and Stress: The Promise of an Ecological Framework

This integrative literature review examines the sources of the persistent debate over the influence of disasters on individual mental health that characterizes the disaster research literature. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this paper highlights how the connections between individuals and the systems in which they are embedded influence people's varied responses to disaster. Consistent with the emerging emphasis in the social sciences on contextualizing individual behavior, this paper examines how family, community, social structural, cultural, and environmental factors affect the development of stress in disaster populations. It concludes with recommendations for policy, practice, and research related to disaster recovery.     

多学科交叉视野下大学生理想信念教育的有效途径研究

本文以多学科交叉为视野,采用理论与实际相结合的方法,构建大学生理想信念教育的评价体系。在调查问卷的基础上,分析大学生理想信念教育存在的问题,具体提出大学生理想信念教育的有效途径。     

Providing Mental Health Services to Older People Living in Rural Communities

Summary

Rural dwelling elders who experience mental health problems often have difficulty finding help since rural communities often lack adequate mental health service providers. This paper reports on the initial phase of a 5-year, interdisciplinary clinical research study that is testing the effectiveness of providing a home delivered, therapeutic psychosocial intervention, aimed at improving the emotional well-being and the quality of life of medically frail elders who live in rural communities. In the early phases of this study, the clinical research team encountered a number of interesting and often unanticipated challenges as it attempted to recruit study participants and provide services to them. In this article, we examine these challenges and share what we have learned so far about providing mental health services to elderly persons living in rural environments.     

A Different Kind of Holding Environment: A Case Study of Group Work with Pediatric Staff

ABSTRACT

This paper reports a nearly two-year intervention with staff at a major urban pediatric facility. The authors worked as trainers and consultants for two groups–the Emergency Department (ED) and Chronic Care units (CC). Following two days of training about grief and loss, highlighting skill building for work with traumatized and grieving children and parents, the consultants worked to develop teams which could provide a Winnicottian holding environment for staff. The efficacy of this staff training is analyzed and support needs of staff members are identified. Findings include varied willingness to make use of group support. Chronic care participants are more likely to express willingness to engage in on-going support for one another, while ED staff members seem to prefer structured, educational training and episodic support. The holding environment of the processing groups must be adapted to fit the needs of the medical sub-culture.     

Home-Based Palliative Care Study

Abstract

Purpose: To examine differences in site of death and costs of services by primary diagnosis for patients receiving home-based palliative care as compared to usual care at the end of life verity of illness, service use, and site of death.

Design and Methods: A nonequivalent group design was employed with 298 terminally ill patients diagnosed with cancer, CHF, or COPD enrolled. The treatment group received an interdisciplinary home-based palliative care program and the comparison group received usual Kaiser Permanente services. Data collected included patient demographics, se-

Results: Among all diseases, patients enrolled in palliative care were more likely to die at home. Enrollment in palliative care was significant associated with cost reductions for patients with cancer, COPD, and CHF. No significant difference was found between diagnostic groups in terms of magnitude of cost savings.

Implications: Provision of interdisciplinary home-based palliative care at end of life can effectively increase the likelihood of dying at home for patients with CHF, COPD, and cancer while realizing significant COSt savings.     

林语堂的比较文学跨学科视域

林语堂在各种言论、著述中进行大量的比较文学跨学科研究,这与其深厚的语言学造诣、国学积累和对欧美科学研究方法的掌握密切相关,但因其论述缺乏一定的系统性而长期遭受比较文学学术界的忽视。林语堂对文学与语言学、哲学、宗教等社会科学,绘画、音乐、影视等艺术形式以及自然科学等的跨学科研究成果给后人以重要的启迪,他理应被视为中国比较文学跨学科研究的先驱之一。     

灾难情境下的社会心态研究——“生物—心理—社会”研究思路与方法

从"生物—心理—社会"的视角全面地探讨灾难情境下的人们的社会心态变化规律及其特点有一定的学术价值。生物学视角的研究成果表明,灾难后的心理行为变化源于人类前额叶的高级认知控制功能受到应激影响的条件下转变为由杏仁核所主导的快速情绪反应模式。心理学视角的研究分析认为,灾难后的心理行为变化可看做进化心理学和精神分析理论双重意义上的心理原始化过程。社会文化视角的分析认为,灾难后的心理行为变化可看做一种社会文化心态模式从"平时状态"向"灾难应急模式"的转换。这三个视角的研究分析既有内在本质的联系,也遵循各自不同的逻辑,只有将这三个视角结合起来考虑,我们才能获得对于灾难后社会心态变化的全面认识。