乙醇透析发酵耦合过程研究（Ⅰ）

设计了乙醇发酵与膜透析耦合系统并进行了试验研究．结果表明，该过程可减少产物乙醇对发酵的抑制作用，膜透析系统的乙醇总量比对照组提高２０％～８０％，基质转化率提高３０％～８０％．     

受内压圆柱筒体开孔-接管区应力集中的有限元分析

利用 ANSYS有限元分析软件通过三个算例对圆柱形筒体小开孔直接管区、大开孔直接管区、大开孔斜接管区的应力分布状况进行了研究 .从中了解到了最大第一主应力的变化规律 ,得出在弹性范围内的应力集中系数 ,并且得到ASME规范中的算式较好的验证     

酚酞型聚醚砜膜的制备与性能研究

本文利用水相沉淀聚合法成功地合成了丙烯腈(AN)-(二丙烯酰胺基)-二甲基丙烷磺酸(AM PS)共聚物,然后将其作为添加剂制备酚酞型聚醚砜膜,并进一步研究了添加剂用量对膜通量,膜截留率以及膜形态的影响.研究表明,随着添加剂用量的增加(从0到5%),膜在100 kPa下的水通量从230 L/m2.hr下降到125 L/m2.hr,对PEG 35000的截留率分别从0.5528增加到0.75.另外,利用场发射电子显微镜观察了膜断面,发现随着PAN-co-AM PS含量的增加,膜表皮层逐渐变厚,指状孔逐渐减少.     

壳聚糖中空纤维复合膜的制备与评价

蒸汽渗透是一种新型膜分离技术。本文以脱除丙烯中微量水份为目的,对壳聚糖复合膜的制备和分离性能进行了探索。首先研制了蒸汽渗透膜,选用聚砜中空纤维支撑膜,采用涂布法制备了壳聚糖复合膜。其次,考察了制膜液浓度,交联剂用量,热处理温度,时间等因素对复合膜蒸汽渗透性能的影响。     

分振幅薄膜干涉课件的制作

利用电脑对点光源和发光平面的薄膜干涉进行模拟 ,并将其制作成多媒体课件 ,使看上去很复杂的光路图变得简单、清晰 ,使教学具有良好的视觉效果 ,大大增强了课堂的容量     

Sampling Strategies for Toxic Air Contaminants

Annual concentrations of toxic air contaminants are of primary concern from the perspective of chronic human exposure assessment and risk analysis. Despite recent advances in air quality monitoring technology, resource and technical constraints often impose limitations on the availability of a sufficient number of ambient concentration measurements for performing environmental risk analysis. Therefore, sample size limitations, representativeness of data, and uncertainties in the estimated annual mean concentration must be examined before performing quantitative risk analysis. In this paper, we discuss several factors that need to be considered in designing field-sampling programs for toxic air contaminants and in verifying compliance with environmental regulations. Specifically, we examine the behavior of SO2, TSP, and CO data as surrogates for toxic air contaminants and as examples of point source, area source, and line source-dominated pollutants, respectively, from the standpoint of sampling design. We demonstrate the use of bootstrap resampling method and normal theory in estimating the annual mean concentration and its 95% confidence bounds from limited sampling data, and illustrate the application of operating characteristic (OC) curves to determine optimum sample size and other sampling strategies. We also outline a statistical procedure, based on a one-sided t-test, that utilizes the sampled concentration data for evaluating whether a sampling site is compliance with relevant ambient guideline concentrations for toxic air contaminants.     

外商直接投资、市场集中与福利效应分析——以我国零售产业为例

在全球经济一体化的背景下,产业资本的跨国流动呈现日益加速的趋势。实证研究显示:外商直接投资与发展中东道国目标产业市场集中度之间存在着明显的正相关关系。成本非对称的古诺竞争均衡表明:跨国公司的成本优势使其产量和市场份额相对较大,市场份额的扩大使其价格偏离帕累托最优水平的程度越大即市场势力增强,造成的社会福利损失也越大。以此为理论基础,对跨国公司进入下我国零售产业的市场集中效应进行了实证检验。     

Assessing Risk‐Based Upper Limits of Melamine Migration from Food Containers

Melamine contamination of food has become a major food safety issue because of incidents of infant disease caused by exposure to this chemical. This study was aimed at establishing a safety limit in Taiwan for the degree of melamine migration from food containers. Health risk assessment was performed for three exposure groups (preschool children, individuals who dine out, and elderly residents of nursing homes). Selected values of tolerable daily intake (TDI) for melamine were used to calculate the reference migration concentration limit (RMCL) or reference specific migration limit (RSML) for melamine food containers. The only existing values of these limits for international standards today are 1.2 mg/L (0.2 mg/dm²) in China and 30 mg/L (5 mg/dm²) in the European Union. The factors used in the calculations included the specific surface area of food containers, daily food consumption rate, body weight, TDI, and the percentile of the population protected at a given migration concentration limit (MCL). The results indicate that children are indeed at higher risk of melamine exposure at toxic levels than are other groups and that the 95th percentile of MCL (specific surface area = 5) for children aged 1–6 years should be the RMCL (0.07 mg/dm²) for protecting the sensitive and general population.     

Estimation and diagnostic for skew-normal partially linear models

Partially linear models (PLMs) are an important tool in modelling economic and biometric data and are considered as a flexible generalization of the linear model by including a nonparametric component of some covariate into the linear predictor. Usually, the error component is assumed to follow a normal distribution. However, the theory and application (through simulation or experimentation) often generate a great amount of data sets that are skewed. The objective of this paper is to extend the PLMs allowing the errors to follow a skew-normal distribution [A. Azzalini, A class of distributions which includes the normal ones, Scand. J. Statist. 12 (1985), pp. 171–178], increasing the flexibility of the model. In particular, we develop the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for linear regression models and diagnostic analysis via local influence as well as generalized leverage, following [H. Zhu and S. Lee, Local influence for incomplete-data models, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 63 (2001), pp. 111–126]. A simulation study is also conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the EM algorithm. Finally, a suitable transformation is applied in a data set on ragweed pollen concentration in order to fit PLMs under asymmetric distributions. An illustrative comparison is performed between normal and skew-normal errors.     

The myth of price convergence under economic integration: A proposed explanation for the difference in food prices across European countries

Conventional globalization theory states that regional economic integration will precede price standardization across participating countries due to the increased buying power of large retail groups and parallel imports. The resulting price corridor should merely reflect differences in logistic costs and short-term, local competitive actions. Yet, this study uses panel data from 25 European countries to examine how hefty food and beverage price differentials between regions remained constant over the last decade. Income, store productivity, and market concentration all contribute to the explanation for regional price differences. These findings suggest that, contrary to straight-line globalization theory, large European retailers’ decisions can influence price convergence and maintain important price dispersion between economically integrated countries. We provide recommendations to enhance market integration.