Videoing Supervision: Messages for Probation Practice

This paper reports on a PhD study, investigating the supervision of women service users (WSUs), by probation officers (POs) based on video data of one-to-one supervision sessions. The research identifies competing agendas of probation in England and Wales – one side emphasises punishment, whilst the other encourages humanistic, relationship-based practices. POs, routinely juggling these opposing expectations, appreciate traditional probation values of giving the WSU a voice and embracing psychodynamic approaches, to provide structure and support in confronting the complexities of officer/service user interactions. However, the data show that driven by managerialist enforcement requirements, it is the punitive discourse which is more frequently translated into practice. Organisational pressures, feelings about the person opposite, the offence or the individual’s background can manifest as conscious or unconscious micro-messages or masking messages. Just as SUs put on masks to disguise negative emotions or feel powerful, so too do POs; POs recognise masks and deceptions in SUs and, similarly, SUs are aware of this dynamic with POs. The research identifies practitioner ambivalence to certain narratives, particularly sexual abuse or poor mental health and, it is argued, reflective supervision is needed to deconstruct difficult personal and professional issues.     

“兰台”职官典故考述

兰台作为两汉重要的宫廷藏书处,既是御史中丞治事机构,又是广延学者名儒点校"秘书"和著史之所,后世秘书省、史馆等文馆职能均发端于兰台。"兰台"出典很多,一度指代御史台、史官和秘书省,笔者钩沉相关史料,试图理清兰台出典之源,呈现兰台在历史长河中之真实完整的面貌。     

Origins of the epithet ‘government by public relations’: Revisiting Bruce Catton's War Lords of Washington, 1948

While it might make public relations professionals and faculty cringe, the term ‘government by public relations’ is a negative one, implying that governmental decision-making is guided by appearances rather than on the merits. This tag line is a relatively common American put-down of politicians and senior civil servants. This article examines the origins of the term, locating its usage in the WWII memoirs of Bruce Catton, then a government public information officer and later a renowned popular historian of the American Civil War. Catton's use of the term, his 1948 book War Lords of Washington, and his philosophy of government public information are examined in more detail to give context to the phrase ‘government by public relations.’     

美国扩军备战的鼓吹者——伦纳德·伍德

伦纳德·伍德认为：美国必须为未来战争做好准备，实行国民经济总动员，建立公民军队、平民军事教育体系和预备役军官。他在担任总参谋长期间采取了一系列的措施：提高总参谋部的效率，改革后勤，改组国民警卫队，改革军队编制，开展“普拉茨堡运动”，颁布1916年《国防法》和《扩军法》，为美国参加第一次世界大战做好了准备。     

人民检察院应有权申请宣告死亡

宣告死亡为民法中一良好制度,自应贯彻私法自治原则,申请与否由利害人定夺。惟现代民法从个人本位走向社会本位,公权力于民事主体行为有损社会公共利益时亦得直接介入。这与私法自治不相冲突,反而是对私法自治的完善。因此,失踪人无利害关系人,或虽有利害关系人但不提出申请,而不申请已经或将会造成社会公共利益损害的,人民检察院可提出宣告死亡申请。     

对先秦“文武分职”问题的再考察

通常认为,文武分职、将相殊途是战国时期职官制度建设上的重大进展与显著特色。本文则认为,就军政系统而言,文武分职现象早在殷商、西周时期就存在,并不始于战国;就军令系统而言,即使是在战国时期,文武相糅、职事兼摄的现象也在所多有,导致这一局面的深层次原因则是中国古代社会的人治性质。     

明代漕抚创制史迹考略——以王竑为中心

以王竑为中心的明代漕抚创制过程,实际包含两条线索轨迹:一是由永乐以来的单一武职总漕,演变为文武双轨制;二是由宣德以来对南直隶江北派设的巡抚,演变为由文官总漕的兼职.明清以来史家多关注前者(漕)而忽略后者(抚),导致一方面混淆了二者的概念和时间次序,另一方面则忽视了王竑之前南直隶江北地区行政管理体制不断调整并日趋稳定的史实.漕抚定制的真正意义在于使永乐北迁后明廷必须解决的南漕北运和加强对南直隶行政管理得以有效兼顾.此外,王竑两任总漕之间的七年间,文官漕抚的职位虽无人填补,但其权力却有所分散、转移,其中监督各府州仓粮和卫所屯粮之权由"总督南京粮储"都御史接收,而管理河道和镇守淮安之权,则重新归属于漕运武臣之手.     

论官德规范机制建设

按照“以德治国”的方略和《公民道德建设实施纲要》的要求,我们必须在道德建设方面上一个新台阶。由于官为民之表率,所以搞好公民道德建设要先搞好官德建设。官德建设的基础是官德规范机制的建设,包括:制定一套全面系统、科学合理的官德规范,并按照德治和法治相结合的原则把官员必须遵守的道德规范法律化,同时建立一套能将官德规范迅速贯彻到官员中去的道德内化机制,一套能促进官员自觉遵守官德规范的道德激励机制,一套有制约力的道德监督机制等。     

民间信仰与汉代地方行政

汉代民间信仰和地方行政之间存在着互动关系。民间信仰对地方行政施加的影响表现为普遍存在的任职地民众祠祀循吏的活动,这种活动能在一定程度上对地方官吏起到激励作用,因而有时被国家利用而成为一种政府行为,但始终没有形成制度。到东汉时期这种祠祀活动已经突破了“循吏”的界限,渗透到其他领域。地方官员在处理救荒、断案等事务,遇到疑难问题时,亦常借助民间信仰的种种形式。不过,地方官员对民间信仰的态度还是十分谨慎的,毕竟理性行政是地方政治生活的主流。     

论警察的文学形象——公安文学叙事话语范式分析

公安文学作品中警察叙事的话语范式包括政治话语、日常话语、先锋话语、消费话语四种,它们各自表征着社会阐述我国警察的不同知识样式。但公安文学要健康发展并最终有利于中国警察的健康发展,必然要坚持对警察的正义姿态和英雄精神的叙述,也即必然要形成以政治话语范式为主导的警察叙事。