大数据背景下个人信息处理行为的法律规制——以个人信息处理行为的双重外部性为分析视角

大数据背景下个人信息处理行为既引发数据安全风险等负外部性，也会带来分享经济价值实现等正外部性，"大数据悖论"现象揭示了双重外部性成因。基于"外部性内在化"原理赋予信息主体以个人信息权并赋予数据控制者以大数据财产权虽有助分别规制其双重外部性，但网络大数据背景下其双重外部性规制彼此交互影响而面临两难困境。法经济学关于"损害之相互性"理论证立了基于"风险导向理念"规制个人信息处理以破解其两难困境的经济逻辑。大数据产业发展有赖个人信息处理的"外部性外部化"而实现分享经济。法经济学关于"公地喜剧"理论证立了基于"外部性外部化"规制个人信息处理而满足大数据产业发展需要的经济逻辑。大数据背景下个人信息处理的规制有赖从"压制型法"到兼及"回应型法"的理念转换，从"外部性内在化"兼及"外部性外部化"的机制并举，从数据资源权利配置兼及数字技术权力干预的措施协同，实现大数据产业创新与个人信息安全的有机平衡。     

全球价值链背景下加工贸易企业升级路径分析

金融危机以来国际贸易保护主义色彩浓郁，中国内部粗放型经济增长方式存在一定的不可持续性和人口红利开始逐渐消失，中国加工贸易嵌入发达国家主导的全球价值链低附加值和低生产率问题引起了学者的注意。随着外部贸易环境、国内新常态要素禀赋结构的变化和深化供给侧结构性改革的需要，推动加工贸易企业升级已经成为中国经济结构调整的一个重要部分。通过分析中国加工贸易的起源、发展和现状，描述全球价值链背景下加工贸易的若干特征和“低端锁定”问题，引出了融资约束对企业经营决策、出口行为以及企业全球价值链上地位的影响，并围绕以生产过程、产品升级和功能升级为主的产业内升级和以劳动密集型向技术密集型转变为特征的产业间升级两个角度，提出了中国加工贸易企业在全球价值链上攀升的路径。研究认为，着重强调人力资本积累、本土企业技术外溢的吸收能力以及自主研发能力的培养，同时结合国际产能合作和“一带一路”倡议等现实背景，实现东西双向开放，塑造以我为主的包容性的区域价值链和国内价值链等，是中国加工贸易企业升级的路径和新机遇。     

中澳自贸区对我国农产品加工业的影响

澳大利亚农产品国际竞争力较强,中澳自贸区的成立将对中国农产品加工业发展产生深远影响。基于改进的标准GTAP模型,利用中澳自贸区《关税减让表》设计了详细的政策情景,并从产业链角度区分了农业原料和农产品加工行业,模拟分析了自贸区建立后1年、3年、5年的关税削减对我国宏观经济和农产品加工业的影响。研究发现:自贸区的建立有益于中国整体经济发展,宏观层面的消费、投资、贸易均有所增长;大部分农产品加工业将会受益,而大多数农业原料行业将会受损;尤其是关税削减可能导致大量澳大利亚农产品及加工制品涌入中国,中国的羊毛、乳制品和牲畜等产品的生产将会受到冲击。因此,中国应该大力推进产业升级,完善扶持政策,提升国内农产品加工业的竞争力。     

Priority Rules for Multi‐Task Due‐Date Scheduling under Varying Processing Costs

We study the scheduling of multiple tasks under varying processing costs and derive a priority rule for optimal scheduling policies. Each task has a due date, and a non‐completion penalty cost is incurred if the task is not completely processed before its due date. We assume that the task arrival process is stochastic and the processing rate is capacitated. Our work is motivated by both traditional and emerging application domains, such as construction industry and freelance consulting industry. We establish the optimality of Shorter Slack time and Longer remaining Processing time (SSLP) principle that determines the priority among active tasks. Based on the derived structural properties, we also propose an effective cost‐balancing heuristic policy and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed policy through extensive numerical experiments. We believe our results provide operators/managers valuable insights on how to devise effective service scheduling policies under varying costs.     

多模态视角下英语词汇习得信息加工模式探究

随着大众传播媒介的变革和计算机技术的发展,多模态在大学英语词汇教学中的运用越来越受到关注。从多模态视角开展英语词汇习得研究,构建了基于多模态的英语词汇习得信息加工模式。该模式对激发学生的学习兴趣,改善词汇记忆效率,提高学生的词汇输出能力具有重要意义。     

激光喷丸参数对304不锈钢表面性能的影响

为了研究喷丸能量密度和喷丸搭接率等工艺参数对304不锈铜表面性能的影响,采用激光喷丸冲击强化的方 法,用X射线衍射方法检测了试样表层的相组成,用显微硬度计测量了试样表层的显微硬度。结果表明,304不锈铜经 过激光喷丸处理后,表层组织没有发生明显的马氏体相变,表层硬度得到提高,随着喷丸能量密度和搭接率的增加,表层 硬度有增大的趋势。     

基于数字图像处理的纺织物辅助设计模拟系统开发

文章研究并设计了一种基于数字图像处理技术( DIP)的纺织物辅助设计模拟系统。该系统通过将极大化思想、 K-means聚类以及形态学开闭运算有机结合,成功实现了从实际织物组织图中自动提取组织形态学结构,并提出了一种 全新的组织纱线色彩替换算法,将各种组织结构模拟到纺织物设计图样中。实验证明,该系统能够实现很好的组织模拟 效果。     

Longitudinal relations between behavioral inhibition and social information processing: Moderating role of maternal supportive reactions to children's emotions

Utilizing multiple measures of interpretive biases, the current study examined the roles of toddlers’ behavioral inhibition (BI) and maternal supportive reactions to children's negative emotions in relation to children's interpretive biases across middle to late childhood. Toddlers’ BI was measured during several laboratory tasks (n = 248) at 2 and 3 years of age. Mothers reported on their reactions to children's negative emotional expressions when children were 7 years old (n = 203), and children's interpretations of social cues were assessed at 7 and 10 years of age (n s = 179 and 161, respectively). Toddlers with high levels of BI expressed less positivity toward social engagement with unfamiliar peers during discussion of ambiguous social situations. Further, children with high BI were less likely to attribute the cause of negative social situations to external factors, particularly when mothers were less accepting of children's negative emotional displays. Findings are discussed in terms of cognition related to the interpretation of ambiguous and threat‐related social situations among temperamentally at‐risk children.     

Vagal modulation of 1‐month‐old infants to auditory stimuli is associated with self‐regulatory behavior

During infancy, cardiac vagal modulation has been associated with attentional and social engagement behaviors. While studies have shown that infants display a behavioral repertoire that enables them to interact with others by being able to regulate themselves in order to attend to and to discriminate emotional and social cues, vagal modulation to sensory stimuli and its association with behavioral outcomes at early ages remains to be addressed. In this study, we analyzed the cardiac vagal response of 1‐month‐old infants to two auditory stimuli intensities and whether vagal response was associated with social interactive and self‐regulatory abilities. Therefore, we recorded cardiac and respiratory physiological responses in 28 infants using a Biopac System. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. We observed increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) amplitude to both auditory stimuli intensities when compared to baseline. No intensity effect was found for the RSA response. Additionally, we observed that higher RSA amplitude to both auditory stimuli was positively correlated with adjusted self‐regulatory behaviors, suggesting a convergence between multiple measures assessing infants' state regulation. Results are discussed in light of 1‐month‐old infants' auditory stimuli processing and its implications for regulatory behaviors and the emergent social‐like behaviors.     

Why do participants in voluntary organizations leave? Exploring the relationship between value congruence and length of stay

Recognizing the importance of values and the specific characteristics of participants and situations in voluntary organizations, we examine how value congruence—the fit or compatibility of values between participants and the organization, or among participants—interacts with personal and situational factors to predict participants' length of stay in their organizations. Introducing the case of a voluntary organization that offers shared housing, we measure value congruence through textual similarity in the self‐introduction documents of 49 participants and the organization's mission statement. This approach differs from the self‐reported measures based on participants' perceptions or recalled interactions used in previous studies. In line with expectation‐disconfirmation theory, participants with the strongest beliefs in organizational values had shorter lengths of stay. The amount of intraorganizational communication also moderated the relationship between value congruence and length of stay. This study provides theoretical and methodological implications for nonprofit management by considering personal and situational factors and evaluating value congruence by textual similarity.