首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   413篇
  免费   62篇
  国内免费   1篇
管理学   75篇
民族学   10篇
人口学   20篇
丛书文集   5篇
理论方法论   96篇
综合类   76篇
社会学   194篇
  2023年   35篇
  2022年   12篇
  2021年   14篇
  2020年   26篇
  2019年   43篇
  2018年   29篇
  2017年   44篇
  2016年   27篇
  2015年   31篇
  2014年   23篇
  2013年   91篇
  2012年   27篇
  2011年   17篇
  2010年   7篇
  2009年   6篇
  2008年   4篇
  2007年   7篇
  2006年   8篇
  2005年   1篇
  2004年   9篇
  2003年   1篇
  2002年   6篇
  2001年   2篇
  2000年   1篇
  1999年   1篇
  1998年   1篇
  1997年   1篇
  1992年   1篇
  1985年   1篇
排序方式: 共有476条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Desirable system performance in the face of threats has been characterized by various management concepts. Through semistructured interviews with editors of journals in the fields of emergency response and systems management, a literature review, and professional judgment, we identified nine related and often interchangeably used system performance concepts: adaptability, agility, reliability, resilience, resistance, robustness, safety, security, and sustainability. A better understanding of these concepts will allow system planners to pursue management strategies best suited to their unique system dynamics and specific objectives of good performance. We analyze expert responses and review the linguistic definitions and mathematical framing of these concepts to understand their applications. We find a lack of consensus on their usage between interview subjects, but by using the mathematical framing to enrich the linguistic definitions, we formulate comparative visualizations and propose distinct definitions for the nine concepts. We present a conceptual framing to relate the concepts for management purposes.  相似文献   
2.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual/gender minority (LGBTQ+) health care providers face both general work-related stresses and working in heteronormative settings with ill-informed or hostile coworkers and patients, yet there has been little study of whether the coping strategies are specific to LGBTQ+ stress. We analyzed qualitative data from 277 health care professionals. Sources of stress included religiously and politically conservative coworkers, coworker/patient lack of knowledge, stresses of being closeted, and concerns about being out to patients. Consequences of being out as LGBTQ+ included lack of promotions, gossip, refusals of tenure, and anti-LGBTQ+ comments and behaviors in the workplace. Respondents showed mostly positive coping strategies to deal with stress, including becoming educators/advocates and self-care activities. Self-care options were common in rural areas with few LGBTQ+ social resources. Negative coping strategies were reported by 18% of respondents. The study highlights the extra burden of stress on LGBTQ+ health care providers.  相似文献   
3.
This article describes a community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) project that examined the postmigration living difficulties (PMLD), help-seeking and community resilience of recent Irish migrants to London (n = 176). The majority of respondents were young adults, in managerial or professional occupations and in good or very good health. Mixed methods indicate inadequate planning for relocation and poor social support as the main difficulties in the initial stages of migration. Community factors promoting resilience included employment opportunities, local and transnational supports, and cultural familiarity and acceptance. Community participation in the action orientated phase of this CBPAR is discussed.  相似文献   
4.
Managing risk in infrastructure systems implies dealing with interdependent physical networks and their relationships with the natural and societal contexts. Computational tools are often used to support operational decisions aimed at improving resilience, whereas economics‐related tools tend to be used to address broader societal and policy issues in infrastructure management. We propose an optimization‐based framework for infrastructure resilience analysis that incorporates organizational and socioeconomic aspects into operational problems, allowing to understand relationships between decisions at the policy level (e.g., regulation) and the technical level (e.g., optimal infrastructure restoration). We focus on three issues that arise when integrating such levels. First, optimal restoration strategies driven by financial and operational factors evolve differently compared to those driven by socioeconomic and humanitarian factors. Second, regulatory aspects have a significant impact on recovery dynamics (e.g., effective recovery is most challenging in societies with weak institutions and regulation, where individual interests may compromise societal well‐being). And third, the decision space (i.e., available actions) in postdisaster phases is strongly determined by predisaster decisions (e.g., resource allocation). The proposed optimization framework addresses these issues by using: (1) parametric analyses to test the influence of operational and socioeconomic factors on optimization outcomes, (2) regulatory constraints to model and assess the cost and benefit (for a variety of actors) of enforcing specific policy‐related conditions for the recovery process, and (3) sensitivity analyses to capture the effect of predisaster decisions on recovery. We illustrate our methodology with an example regarding the recovery of interdependent water, power, and gas networks in Shelby County, TN (USA), with exposure to natural hazards.  相似文献   
5.
在国际政治、地缘政治和国际公共安全卫生事件对出口产生冲击的背景下,采取何种政策措施来应对外部冲击、保持出口稳定增长成为政府和企业面临的重要问题。借鉴区域经济韧性的测度方法,基于首次提出的出口韧性测度指标,利用《中国海关进出口统计数据库》测度了1999—2016年中国31个省份(除中国香港、澳门、台湾外)的出口韧性,结合《中国统计年鉴》省份层面的宏观数据,运用固定效应模型,考察了省份创新能力、出口韧性之间的关系和产业内在出口韧性的来源、决定机制。研究发现,省份创新能力的提升有利于提高其出口韧性,省份创新能力对不同地区的省份出口韧性存在异质性影响,在金融危机这一负向外部冲击下,省份创新能力的提升对出口韧性的提高存在显著促进作用。研究表明,要通过深化科技体制改革,加大对新兴产业的税收优惠政策力度,加速出口产业整体向创新驱动发展的转型升级,完善出口产品研发创新链条,促进企业完善人才培养机制等方式来提高省份创新能力,提高出口韧性和稳定出口优势。  相似文献   
6.
四川省三州地区地处中国一二级阶梯过渡地带,地质构造复杂,新构造运动强烈,属断裂构造发育,极易因强降水等极端天气诱发山洪、泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等灾害,导致该区域路网灾害发生频率高、强度大和多灾并发。这在高山峡(深)谷区尤为严重。通过分析四川省三州地区的路网灾害风险管理体制机制,发现主要问题在于:灾害科学研究相对薄弱、灾害应急与防治技术较为缺乏、灾害危害度和路网基础设施的易损性较大、路网系统的抗灾能力和恢复力较弱。为了在四川三州地区构建安全可靠、应急保障能力强的现代路网体系,需要通过构建时空、纵向、横向三位一体的综合灾害风险治理体系和健全灾害科学、应急技术、风险管理三者有机结合的防灾减灾机制等措施,不断提升四川三州地区的路网气候恢复力。  相似文献   
7.
In this article, an agent‐based framework to quantify the seismic resilience of an electric power supply system (EPSS) and the community it serves is presented. Within the framework, the loss and restoration of the EPSS power generation and delivery capacity and of the power demand from the served community are used to assess the electric power deficit during the damage absorption and recovery processes. Damage to the components of the EPSS and of the community‐built environment is evaluated using the seismic fragility functions. The restoration of the community electric power demand is evaluated using the seismic recovery functions. However, the postearthquake EPSS recovery process is modeled using an agent‐based model with two agents, the EPSS Operator and the Community Administrator. The resilience of the EPSS–community system is quantified using direct, EPSS‐related, societal, and community‐related indicators. Parametric studies are carried out to quantify the influence of different seismic hazard scenarios, agent characteristics, and power dispatch strategies on the EPSS–community seismic resilience. The use of the agent‐based modeling framework enabled a rational formulation of the postearthquake recovery phase and highlighted the interaction between the EPSS and the community in the recovery process not quantified in resilience models developed to date. Furthermore, it shows that the resilience of different community sectors can be enhanced by different power dispatch strategies. The proposed agent‐based EPSS–community system resilience quantification framework can be used to develop better community and infrastructure system risk governance policies.  相似文献   
8.
9.
Researchers in judgment and decision making have long debunked the idea that we are economically rational optimizers. However, problematic assumptions of rationality remain common in studies of agricultural economics and climate change adaptation, especially those that involve quantitative models. Recent movement toward more complex agent‐based modeling provides an opportunity to reconsider the empirical basis for farmer decision making. Here, we reconceptualize farmer decision making from the ground up, using an in situ mental models approach to analyze weather and climate risk management. We assess how large‐scale commercial grain farmers in South Africa (n = 90) coordinate decisions about weather, climate variability, and climate change with those around other environmental, agronomic, economic, political, and personal risks that they manage every day. Contrary to common simplifying assumptions, we show that these farmers tend to satisfice rather than optimize as they face intractable and multifaceted uncertainty; they make imperfect use of limited information; they are differently averse to different risks; they make decisions on multiple time horizons; they are cautious in responding to changing conditions; and their diverse risk perceptions contribute to important differences in individual behaviors. We find that they use two important nonoptimizing strategies, which we call cognitive thresholds and hazy hedging, to make practical decisions under pervasive uncertainty. These strategies, evident in farmers' simultaneous use of conservation agriculture and livestock to manage weather risks, are the messy in situ performance of naturalistic decision‐making techniques. These results may inform continued research on such behavioral tendencies in narrower lab‐ and modeling‐based studies.  相似文献   
10.
This study aims to explore the mediating role of dyadic coping between relational resilience and parenting stress on married couples. The study participants comprised 229 married couples with at least one child and who have had a major life event. The relational resilience scale, parenting stress inventory, dyadic coping scale and personal information, and life events forms were used to collect data for this study. Data were analyzed with the actor–partner interdependence mediation model. The results revealed that dyadic coping actor–partner effects did not mediate between relational resilience and parenting stress. The results were discussed in relation to the social-ecological model and relevant literature. Based on the current findings, recommendations and implications for further research and practice were also proposed.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号