Intrapartum cardiotocograph monitoring and perinatal outcomes for women at risk: Literature review

ProblemCaesarean section rates have risen in high-income countries. One of the potential drivers for this is the widespread use of CTG monitoring.BackgroundIntrapartum cardiotocograph monitoring is considered to be indicated for women at risk for poor perinatal outcome.AimThis systematic literature review with meta-analysis examined randomised controlled trials and non-experimental research to determine whether cardiotocograph monitoring rather than intermittent auscultation during labour was associated with changes in perinatal mortality or cerebral palsy rates for high-risk women.MethodsA systematic search for research published up to 2019 was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Non-experimental and randomised controlled trial research in populations of women at risk which compared intrapartum cardiotocography with intermittent auscultation and reported on stillbirth, neonatal mortality, perinatal mortality and/or cerebral palsy were included. Relative risks were calculated from extracted data, and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken.FindingsNine randomised controlled trials and 26 non-experimental studies were included. Meta-analysis of pooled data from RCTs in mixed- and high-risk populations found no statistically significant differences in perinatal mortality rates. The majority of non-experimental research was at critical risk of bias and should not be relied on to inform practice. Cardiotocograph monitoring during preterm labour was associated with a higher incidence of cerebral palsy.DiscussionResearch evidence failed to demonstrate perinatal benefits from intrapartum cardiotocograph monitoring for women at risk for poor perinatal outcome.ConclusionThere is an urgent need for well-designed research to consider whether intrapartum cardiotocograph monitoring provides benefits.     

汽轮机凝汽器技术状态的故障诊断

介绍了对电站发动机组凝汽器进行状态监测和故障诊断的技术诊断自动化系统的研究和实现，实践证明，开发的系统对改善凝汽器性能、提高电站整体性能具有重要意义。     

关于研究生教育若干问题的思考

研究生教育是高等教育结构中的高层次教育。文章围绕创建科学的研究生教育体系问题 ,从自主招生、导师队伍建设、学位授权点、学术监控以及办学理念等方面进行了探讨     

加强高校课程建设的基本途径

目前,高校课程建设存在诸多问题,为此必须健全和完善课程建设的有效途径。本文从建立健全竞争机制、调动教师积极性,建立健全教学质量监控体系,加强课程实践基地建设等方面,阐述了高校课程建设的基本途径。     

高校教学质量监控的现状与对策

从教学质量监控的目的和意义入手 ,针对目前高校教学质量监控存在的问题 ,提出了构建高校教学质量监控机制的设想 ,阐述了教学质量监控的实施要点     

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for high dimensional inversion in remote sensing

Summary.  We discuss the inversion of the gas profiles (ozone, NO₃, NO₂, aerosols and neutral density) in the upper atmosphere from the spectral occultation measurements. The data are produced by the 'Global ozone monitoring of occultation of stars' instrument on board the Envisat satellite that was launched in March 2002. The instrument measures the attenuation of light spectra at various horizontal paths from about 100 km down to 10–20 km. The new feature is that these data allow the inversion of the gas concentration height profiles. A short introduction is given to the present operational data management procedure with examples of the first real data inversion. Several solution options for a more comprehensive statistical inversion are presented. A direct inversion leads to a non-linear model with hundreds of parameters to be estimated. The problem is solved with an adaptive single-step Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Another approach is to divide the problem into several non-linear smaller dimensional problems, to run parallel adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo chains for them and to solve the gas profiles in repetitive linear steps. The effect of grid size is discussed, and we present how the prior regularization takes the grid size into account in a way that effectively leads to a grid-independent inversion.     

加强课堂教学质量监控 提高教学质量

加强课堂教学质量监控是提高学校教学质量的重要保证。端正对教学质量监控的认识 ,对其体系组成、工作方法进行研究探索 ,全面推进学生素质教育 ,培养新型人才 ,推动学校教学改革 ,提高教学质量效益有着重要的意义。     

转移价格在跨国公司中的作用及其限制——揭开跨国公司巧取豪夺的面纱

转移价格是跨国公司在母公司与子公司、子公司与子公司之间进行内部贸易所采用的价格 ,是人为调高或调低价格来转移利润而采取的重要手段 ,使子公司经营处于“亏损”状态 ,从而使东道国蒙受巨大经济损失。为此 ,各东道国为维护本国的合法权益而采取多种防范和监控措施来限制跨国公司用转移价格来实现其整体总利润额的增加。     

从战略高度切实加强对领导干部的主动监督

本文主要观点是:建立选拔任用干部的监督机制是我国目前亟需解决的重要问题,它关系到是否能将有中国特色的社会主义事业不断推向前关键不是出了问题以后的解决方法,而是要加强对干部的主动监督,防止干部腐败变质.千秋大业在于用人,在选拔干部时应遵循已制定的科学规范,并从几方面加强监督,在工作中不断完善监督机制,同时要强调对干部的教育培训,并将其作为实施监督的基础性工作.     

畜产品质量安全监管研究综述

随着经济的发展和社会的进步，畜产品在人们的日常生活中占有越来越重要的地位，目前我国对畜产品质量安全的监管还很不到位。文章总结了我国畜产品安全监管的现状，并介绍了国外畜产品安全监管的现状，通过比较找出我国监管的不足，从而进一步加强我国对畜产品质量安全的监管。