360 Video: A prototyping process for developing virtual reality interventions

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising technological intervention for anxiety disorders. However, there are no existing standards and best practices to evaluate the effectiveness of environments to achieve their intervention goals. The purpose of this study was to develop a VR intervention for student veterans with social anxiety disorder and test feasibility utilizing a three-stage development model. The development of a therapeutic VR environment may benefit from an interdisciplinary collaboration of researchers from various fields of study. Utilizing three stages of prototyping with two virtual reality platforms, fully immersive video (n?=?6) and three-dimensional (3-D) immersive virtual reality (n?=?8), the research team designed an intervention for student veterans with social anxiety disorder, testing bio-reactivity of participants. Results of prototyping include user feedback validating increased stress levels and increased bio-reactivity specifically in galvanic skin response and heart rate elevation. Implications include the use of 360° video for prototyping 3-D virtual reality interventions.     

黑格尔法哲学中的“等级”概念

通过黑格尔在《法哲学原理》中对“等级”的相关论述阐明了“等级”概念的具体含义。黑格尔在精神发展内在逻辑的结构框架下论述了等级理论，展现出理性的机巧。市民社会孕育分化出来的殊多等级由于在理念和现实上的缺陷，必须被纳入政治国家这一更高阶段，实现现实的自由。逻辑和现实的距离终未使伟大人物黑格尔的社会政治理想现实化。     

离婚案件网络虚拟财产的分割——以淘宝网店为例

我国《民法总则》明确了网络虚拟财产受法律保护，这是财产保护的一大进步，但是理论和实践中，网络虚拟财产却存在着性质和权属难以确定、分割和继承规则不明确等一系列问题。对涉及淘宝网店财产分割的审判案例进行数据分析，发现审判实践中存在着财产分割没有法律依据、价值难确定、归属不公平的困境。针对这些困境，在对夫妻网络虚拟财产进行分割时要注意保护虚拟财产的特殊性，提前明确共同财产范围，组织多机构联合评估价值，保护人身利益。     

论王国维的“本色”观——基于王国维对元曲的评价

王国维用“意境”“境界”等概念建构起自己的美学体系。他认为作为抒情文学的词作必须有作者的真情实感蕴藏于内，“真情”是“境界”说的重要组成部分。出于对“真情”的看重，王国维着力于对元剧的研究，从戏剧艺术的角度，他对元剧十分鄙视，但从文辞的角度，他对元剧十分欣赏。王国维称元曲为“活文学”，与元曲作者蕴于其中的“真情”有莫大关系。王国维对元曲的研究基本延续了治词的角度和观点，论曲仍以“真情”为首要标准。不同之处在于，“当行”也是他的“本色”观的组成部分，是其“本色”观比“意境”说在理论范围上更为广阔之处。相比较而言，吴梅的“本色”观亦注重“真情”，对作品的评论，他更多的是从排场角度分析、评价作品。对作品的用字，吴梅亦崇尚自然，同时又有所保留。     

Analysis of social innovation on social networking services

ABSTRACT

Social network services are allowing more social connectivity and making possible sharing information and knowledge of a different nature. This article analyses if social workers related to active social policies from Malaga province (Spain) are using social network services to share information and knowledge and if there is a mirror between online and offline relationships. Since it is an experimental model, through virtual ethnography and through social network analysis methodology, we observed the presence, connectivity and analysed the structure of relationships that keep 235 professionals from 52 organizations in Facebook®. Moreover, the model uses the statistical technique of modularity for detecting online communities, which are compared with distribution of professionals in their organizations. Results show how social network services applied to social intervention are massively and frequently used by professionals. On the other hand, the detected communities reflect existence of analogy between online and offline relationships. The online structure shows a high degree of cohesion and how certain professionals have higher capacity of influence and diffusion depending on position in the online structure. It argues about the opportunity to incorporate social network services towards social intervention as a manner of social innovation to improve cooperation and diffusion of information and knowledge.     

Arranging sensations: smell and taste in augmented and virtual reality

The development of digital taste and smell underscores the importance of cultural dimensions of bodily perception in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices. This can be seen in Vocktail and Season Traveller, two digital devices incorporating taste and smell. Vocktail is an AR technology that augments the experience of drinking water, or even air, through the electrical stimulation of tastebuds and the manipulation of color and smell. Season Traveller is a VR game in which the user moves through four seasonal landscapes. It uses wind, odor, and temperature in addition to the more standard audio-visual displays. The cultural dimensions of these devices can be examined using phenomenological terms. They instigate perceptual circuits, and call on and create sedimented habits. Although VR and AR are often thought of in terms of their similitude to reality, understanding Vocktail and Season Traveller this way illustrates the world-creating dimension of multisensory devices. These technologies structure and shift thresholds of taste and smell, reworking past perceptual styles and habits to develop new perceptual experiences. In so doing, Season Traveller and Vocktail throw to the fore questions about the conditions according to which people exercise their senses in digitally dominated environments.     

The opportunity to contribute: disability and the digital entrepreneur

ABSTRACT

A range of scholarly work in communications, informatics, and media studies has identified ‘entrepreneurs’ as central to an emerging paradigm of digital labor. Drawing on data from a multi-year research project in the virtual world Second Life, I explore disability experiences of entrepreneurism, focusing on intersections of creativity, risk, and inclusion. Since its founding in 2003, Second Life has witnessed significant disability participation. Many such residents engage in forms of entrepreneurship that destabilize dominant understandings of digital labor. Most make little or no profit; some labor at a loss. Something is being articulated through languages and practices of entrepreneurship, something that challenges the ableist paradigms that still deeply structure both digital socialities and conceptions of labor.

Disability is typically assumed to be incompatible with work, an assumption often reinforced by policies that withdraw benefits from disabled persons whose income exceeds a meagre threshold. Responses to such exclusion appear when disabled persons in Second Life frame ‘entrepreneur’ as a selfhood characterized by creativity and contribution, not just initiative and risk. In navigating structural barriers with regard to income and access, including affordances of the virtual world itself, they implicitly contest reconfigurations of personhood under neoliberalism, where the laboring self becomes framed not as a worker earning an hourly wage, but as a business with the ‘ability’ to sell services. This reveals how digital technology reworks the interplay of selfhood, work, and value – but in ways that remain culturally specific and embedded in forms of inequality.     

Digital identities – overcoming visual bias through virtual embodiment

ABSTRACT

This study sheds new light on the role of identity in virtual environments when virtual representation of self is in support of disabled individuals and the potential impact of their virtual identity on work opportunities. It is widely understood that individuals who live with disability often experience a lifetime of bullying, exclusion, marginalization and rejection. They often experience workplace bias and discrimination. Yet, when they can create an identity and experience embodiment in virtual environments, the results can be extraordinarily powerful – even life-changing. This research builds on nearly a decade of ethnographic research in 3D online immersive social virtual worlds; seven of those years working with disability communities to answer the following: RQ1: In a virtual world where one can choose any avatar form, how does that visual sense of self-representation influence one’s ability to gain access to a social network, to be a leader in that network, and to find work? RQ2: How does realism in representation influence work experiences in these digital worlds? The results reveal the importance of choice in online representation of avatars in creating work and online social engagement. Implications contribute to our understanding of visual bias in the workplace and how emerging virtual reality technologies may open new avenues for meaningful work and social interactions for people with disabilities.     

《藤花亭曲话》贵乎自然的戏曲语言观

在戏曲创作中，自然被视为一种重要的美学追求。清曲论家梁廷枏所著《藤花亭曲话》便明确标举戏曲语言贵乎自然的创作理念。在梁氏看来，语言上的自然性表现为对情自肺腑的真实、庄语入曲的巧妙和文辞声律的谐调。以上三者，既是梁廷枏语言自然观的主要内容，又是他提出的裨益于语言自然性的创作途径。     

顾客认知对品牌心理所有权的影响研究——基于品牌价值观一致性的中介作用

随着社会化媒体的快速发展,顾客选择日趋多样化,提升顾客品牌心理所有权成为理论和实践共同关注的重要课题。虽然学术界关于品牌心理所有权的概念和维度仍存在些许分歧,但品牌心理所有权对品牌及企业的重要性已得到广泛认可。基于社会心理学原理,以虚拟社区为载体实证分析顾客认知因素、品牌价值观一致性、品牌心理所有权三者之间的内在关系,有助于企业深入了解顾客对品牌心理所有权的影响因素,为企业制定正确的营销战略提供理论与实践指导。