Ebola Virus Dose Response Model for Aerosolized Exposures: Insights from Primate Data

This study develops dose–response models for Ebolavirus using previously published data sets from the open literature. Two such articles were identified in which three different species of nonhuman primates were challenged by aerosolized Ebolavirus in order to study pathology and clinical disease progression. Dose groups were combined and pooled across each study in order to facilitate modeling. The endpoint of each experiment was death. The exponential and exact beta-Poisson models were fit to the data using maximum likelihood estimation. The exact beta-Poisson was deemed the recommended model because it more closely approximated the probability of response at low doses though both models provided a good fit. Although transmission is generally considered to be dominated by person-to-person contact, aerosolization is a possible route of exposure. If possible, this route of exposure could be particularly concerning for persons in occupational roles managing contaminated liquid wastes from patients being treated for Ebola infection and the wastewater community responsible for disinfection. Therefore, this study produces a necessary mathematical relationship between exposure dose and risk of death for the inhalation route of exposure that can support quantitative microbial risk assessment aimed at informing risk mitigation strategies including personal protection policies against occupational exposures.     

On the assessment of various factors effecting the improvement in CD4 count of aids patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy using generalized Poisson regression

An important marker for identifying the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in an individual is the CD4 cell count. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a treatment for HIV/AIDS (AIDS, acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) which prolongs and improves the lives of patients by improving the CD4 cell count and strengthen the immune system. This strengthening of the immune system in terms of CD4 count, not only depends on various biological factors, but also other behavioral factors. Previous studies have shown the effect of CD4 count on the mortality, but nobody has attempted to study the factors which are likely to influence the improvement in CD4 count of patients diagnosed of AIDS and undergoing ART. In this paper, we use Poisson regression model (GPR) for exploring the effect of various socio-demographic covariates such as age, gender, geographical location, and drug usage on the improvement in the CD4 count of AIDS patients. However, if the CD4 count data suffers from under or overdispersion, we use GPR model and compare it with negative binomial distribution. Finally, the model is applied for the analysis of data on patients undergoing the ART in the Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Delhi, India. The data exhibited overdispersion and hence, GPR model provided the best fit.     

命题的本格初探

命题是逻辑哲学的核心概念,许多哲学家提出了自己关于命题本格的观点。弗雷格认为命题即被构造的思想,罗素认为命题是由词项构成的统一体,维特根斯坦认为命题是可能世界的集合。辨析以上观点可以指认:命题是被构造的抽象实体,它是真值载体,独立于自然语言而存在,具有合法的本体论地位。     

社会主义核心价值体系的语言载体与实际功能

＂党民一体,财德并重,权国民定＂是反映时代发展要求的新观念,运用马克思主义立场观点对＂党民一体,财德并重,权国民定＂的理论解读,同时,阐述了以＂三点六面＂发挥社会主义核心价值体系的引领作用和方法。     

网络德育视域下的大学生心理健康教育载体研究

大学生心理健康教育的研究因＂载体＂概念的引入而打开了局面。对载体的研究,有助于大学生心理健康资源的整合、功能的发挥、社会化的推进以及实效性的增强。随着网络德育的发展,在大学生心理健康教育载体中引入了新媒体这一全新的载体平台,运用网络德育载体的传播特点,扩大大学生心理健康教育的影响力;挖掘网络德育载体的心育功能,开辟大学生心理健康教育的新视野。     

农民合作的条件：岳阳井塘灌区个案

基于湖南岳阳井塘灌区个案的考察表明：国家介入是农民合作的外部条件。人民公社时期,国家通过强制性力量直接主导农民合作,改革开放之后国家仍通过诱致性力量引导农民合作;农村精英参与和组织载体是农民合作的内部条件。农村精英具有较好的经济实力和社会地位,能赢得农民的尊重与信任,是农民合作的发起者、凝结点和推动力。组织载体能够为农民合作提供交流平台、规章制度与惩罚机制。为了促进农民合作,政府应该加强推动农民合作的力度、鼓励农村精英参与农民合作以及大力发展农民合作组织。     

文化体制改革背景下的农村基层文化建设

中国农村基层文化建设明显滞后于经济建设,文化基础设施落后,文化队伍力量薄弱,农民文化生活单调贫乏,与城市相比,文化差距较大.农村基层文化建设是文化建设的重阵,亟待加强,需要更新观念,加大文化基础设施建设投入,加强基层文化队伍建设,创新文化载体.     

Blood Money: Bayer’s Inventory of HIV-Contaminated Blood Products and Third World Hemophiliacs

This article presents an overlooked case of research misconduct and violations of basic principles of medical and business ethics. When Bayer’s Cutter Laboratories realized that their blood products, Factor VIII and IX or antihemophiliac factor (AHF), were contaminated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the financial investment in the product was considered too high to destroy the inventory. Cutter misrepresented the results of its own research and sold the contaminated AHF to overseas markets in Asia and Latin America without the precaution of heat treating the product recommended for eliminating the risk. As a consequence, hemophiliacs who infused the HIV-contaminated Factor VIII and IX tested positive for HIV and developed AIDS.     

载频解调式脉冲调制器的研制

介绍了一种新型载频解调式栅极脉冲调制器.调制器由2只脉冲变压器、载频调制控制电路、解调与脉冲输出电路组成.调制器采用了内载频脉冲驱动模式,利用了MOSFET的极分布电容对信号的延时作用,通过二极管解调还原调制管触发脉冲,最终输出正负电压的调制脉冲.载频信号频率大于200 kHz,隔离变压器具有尺寸小,绕组匝数少的特点.采用这种模式的调制器,输出脉冲宽度宽、前后沿小、工作比高.详细介绍了基于载频解调式脉冲调制器的应用实例,并对其性能参数进行了测试.     

创新思想政治工作载体 构建学习型组织

思想政治工作载体的创新直接关涉着思想政治工作落实的程度和效果.学习型思想政治工作组织是以培养全面发展的人为目标,着力于整合思想政治工作中的诸要素,变被动学习为主动学习,化零星学习为系统学习的组织管理模式.文章从学习型组织的内涵入手,探讨学习型思想政治工作组织构建的必要性、可行性与策略性.