Standing on Their Own Two Feet: How the New Public Charge Rules Could Impact Non-European LPR Applicants

Population Research and Policy Review - In February 2020, the U.S. government began to implement a new Public Charge rule that greatly expands the definition of “public charge” when...     

清代冕宁司法档案中的“夷兵”及其功能考察

清代冕宁县作为多民族杂居的地区，雍正年间改土归流后，国家治理开始深入基层社会，为了适应当地民族社会管理的特别需要，当地形成了一种特殊的制度——夷兵换班制。“夷兵换班制”是通过招募当地“夷民”到流官衙署中充当“夷兵”，作为地方流官处理涉及少数民族内部事务的辅助人员，保证国家在处理当地少数民族民政、治安、司法等事务时有熟悉当地“夷俗”的衙吏。由于“夷兵”实行定期轮换，所以称为“夷兵换班制”。“夷兵换班制”的核心是“夷兵”，“夷兵”从职能上看，最初是作为地方治安保安人员，但在现实中往往成为流官和夷民之间在民政、治安、司法事务管理中的中介，具有沟通官方与民间信息、促进国家法与民族习惯融合与互动、弥补外来官吏地方民族事务管理能力不足等功能。总之，“夷兵换班制”是清代地方流官衙署在西南地区治理时针对特定地区设置的一种变通制度，这种制度对于国家在少数民族地区基层社会的治理发挥着十分重要的积极作用。     

Effectiveness of training to promote routine enquiry for domestic violence by midwives and nurses: A pre-post evaluation study

Background

Asking women about experiences of domestic violence in the perinatal period is accepted best practice. However, midwives and nurses may be reluctant to engage with, or effectively respond to disclosures of domestic violence due a lack of knowledge and skills.

传统农业乡镇城镇化的实践逻辑--以山东省平阴县孝直镇为例

随着城镇化进程不断加快，城镇功能和城市文明向农村地区的扩散已成为一种必然。对于传统农业地区，城镇化的关键在于立足自身资源禀赋，对城镇化的路径和推进机制做出切合实际的选择。在这方面，山东省平阴县孝直镇借助新型农村社区建设和农业现代化推进新型城镇化的模式为研究分析此类问题提供了一个可资借鉴的案例。     

Identity Dilemmas: Toward a More Situated Understanding

When are identity dilemmas—when people possess identities that conflict with one another and both are potentially stigmatizing—most likely to occur? Are they the result of generic social processes? A review of some of the extant research on “identity work” suggests that historical “misalignments” of culture and stratification, which we refer to as “lag,” create the greatest potential for stigma and the reproduction of inequalities. Lag is exacerbated by complex, intersecting axes of hierarchy, and amplified as symbolic environments globalize and subcultures multiply. Articulating culture and structure reveals how power plays out in interaction, and highlights the omnipresence of struggles for treatment as “fully human.” We consider whether “alignment” is even possible when multiple dimensions of social location intertwine, compete, and collide. Following Schwalbe and Mason‐Schrock (1996), we argue that “subcultural” or collective identity work that brings new meanings into dominant cultural narratives may offer the greatest hope, but in the interim all coping strategies are costly.     

零售4.0时代先行发货问题的大数据分析

在零售4.0时代，渠道的多样化不仅丰富了数据源，还能迅速生成大量数据，需要通过分析大数据，为决策提取有意义的信息，通过分析先行发货的重要性，提出了一种基于遗传算法（GA）的优化模型，预测顾客何时购买，然后在顾客线下单前将产品运送到距顾客最近的配送中心，解决先行发货中存在的问题。研究认为，需要先部署云计算来存储所有渠道生成的大数据，再应用基于集群的关联规则挖掘研究顾客的购买行为，根据“如果-那么”预测规则预测未来的采购情况，最后利用修正的遗传算法生成最优的先行发货计划；这种遗传算法考虑了其在运输成本和运输距离之外，还有预测规则的置信度，利用大量的数值实验权衡了先行发货中的不同因素，验证了模型的最优可靠性     

Changing Frameworks in Attitudes Toward Abortion

For more than two decades, legal abortion has been the subject of heated political debate and adversarial social movement activity; however, national polls have shown little change in aggregate levels of support for abortion. This analysis examines how the determinants of abortion attitudes have changed between 1977 and 1996, using data from the General Social Surveys. While in early time periods, whites were more approving of abortion than blacks, that pattern had reversed by the late 1980s. After controlling for other factors, older people are more accepting of abortion throughout the two decades, while gender is generally unrelated to abortion views. Catholic religion weakens slightly as a predictor of abortion attitudes, while religious fundamentalism and political liberalism increase in explanatory power. The associations between attitudinal correlates and abortion approval also change over this time period. Religiosity becomes a less powerful predictor of abortion attitudes, while respondents' attitude toward sexual freedom and belief in the sanctity of human life increase in their predictive power. Support for gender inequality remains a weak but stable predictor of abortion attitudes. This pattern of results suggests that the public is influenced more by the pro-life framework of viewing abortion than by the pro-choice perspective.     

Becoming Custodial Dads: Exploring Parenting Among Low‐Income and Working‐Class African American Fathers

The authors use an ecological framework and grounded theoretical analysis to explore the circumstances in which working‐class and low‐income custodial African American fathers gain custody of their children, their transition from part‐time to full‐time parents, and the role of support networks in enhancing or inhibiting these men's parenting. Twenty‐four men from an impoverished Midwestern urban area participated in the study. The findings suggest that these men, and perhaps others sharing their demographic profiles, generally become parents by default and are often reluctant to take on a full‐time, single parenting role. Adaptation to the role seems to be enhanced by these men's use of extended kin support networks and shared living arrangements. However, low wages, a lack of sufficient assistance from public assistance programs, and informal custody arrangements often inhibit their fathering.